The present invention reduces the level of optical reflections created in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) going back into an integrated laser through Reflection Engineering; optimizing the phase/timing and position of optical reflections inherent to a PIC design while adding engineered reflections to the PIC to allow inherent reflections to be reduced or eliminated. The Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) geometric optical isolator of the present invention combines an array of closely spaced WDM lasers with an array of modulators in a novel geometry in order to provide effective optical isolation of the lasers.

The present invention reduces the level of optical reflections created in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) going back into an integrated laser through Reflection Engineering; optimizing the phase/timing and position of optical reflections inherent to a PIC design while adding engineered reflections to the PIC to allow inherent reflections to be reduced or eliminated. The Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) geometric optical isolator of the present invention combines an array of closely spaced WDM lasers with an array of modulators in a novel geometry in order to provide effective optical isolation of the lasers.

The present invention reduces the level of optical reflections created in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) going back into an integrated laser through Reflection Engineering; optimizing the phase/timing and position of optical reflections inherent to a PIC design while adding engineered reflections to the PIC to allow inherent reflections to be reduced or eliminated. The Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) geometric optical isolator of the present invention combines an array of closely spaced WDM lasers with an array of modulators in a novel geometry in order to provide effective optical isolation of the lasers.

A test instrument can be coupled to a test point and measure signals in the network. The test instrument may determine whether the test instrument is connected to a cable of the network and provide notification if the test instrument is not connected to a cable. The test instrument may also detect when it is connected to a customer premises that has been previously been tested through reflected signal signatures.

A test instrument can be coupled to a test point and measure signals in the network. The test instrument may determine whether the test instrument is connected to a cable of the network and provide notification if the test instrument is not connected to a cable. The test instrument may also detect when it is connected to a customer premises that has been previously been tested through reflected signal signatures.

High-performance ultra-wideband Phased Array Sensors (PAS) are disclosed, which have unique capabilities, enabled through photonic integrated circuits and novel optical architectures. Unique capabilities for a Receive PAS are provided by wafer scale photonic integration including heterogeneous integration of III-V materials and ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides, combining key component technologies into complex PIC devices. Novel aspects include optical multiplexing combining wavelength division multiplexing and/or a novel extension to array photodetectors providing the capability to combine many RF photonic signals with very low loss. The architecture also includes optical down-conversion, as well as digital signal processing to improve the linearity of the system. Simultaneous multi-channel beamforming is achieved through optical power splitting of optical signals to create multiple exact replicas of the signals that are then processed independently.

A test instrument can be coupled to a test point and measure signals in the network. The test instrument may determine whether the test instrument is connected to a cable of the network and provide notification if the test instrument is not connected to a cable. The test instrument may also detect when it is connected to a customer premises that has been previously been tested through reflected signal signatures.

A test instrument can be coupled to a test point and measure signals in the network. The test instrument may determine whether the test instrument is connected to a cable of the network and provide notification if the test instrument is not connected to a cable. The test instrument may also detect when it is connected to a customer premises that has been previously been tested through reflected signal signatures.

The present disclosure provides a mobile communications system line number sheet management device and method. Provided, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, is a line number sheet management device and method, for automating access network-related line number sheet management by automatically collecting and updating line number information, the line number information being collected from a mobile communications base station management server (mobile communications system management server) and a fronthaul management server. Provided, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, is a fronthaul device for: acquiring unique information of a base station by receiving an optical signal from any one of a radio unit (RU) and a digital unit (DU); and transmitting the unique information of the base station to a fronthaul management server.

The present invention reduces the level of optical reflections created in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) going back into an integrated laser through Reflection Engineering; optimizing the phase/timing and position of optical reflections inherent to a PIC design while adding engineered reflections to the PIC to allow inherent reflections to be reduced or eliminated. The Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) geometric optical isolator of the present invention combines an array of closely spaced WDM lasers with an array of modulators in a novel geometry in order to provide effective optical isolation of the lasers.