Methods and systems to estimate encrypted multi-path TCP (MPTCP) network traffic include restricting traffic in a first direction (e.g., uplink) to a single path, and estimating traffic of multiple subflows of a second direction (e.g., downlink) based on traffic over the single path of the first direction. The estimating may be based on, without limitation, acknowledgment information of the single path, a sequence of acknowledgment numbers of the single path, an unencrypted initial packet sent over the single path as part of a secure tunnel setup procedure, TCP header information of the unencrypted initial packet (e.g., sequence number, acknowledgment packet, and/or acknowledgment packet length), and/or metadata of packets of the single path (e.g., regarding cryptographic algorithms, Diffie-Helman groups, and/or certificate related data).

Disclosed are a downlink positioning reference signal receiving and transmitting method, and a terminal, a base station, a device and an apparatus. The method includes: in response to receiving SPS DL-PRS configuration information of a plurality of base stations configured by a LMF via SPS, receiving SPS DL-PRS activation information of the plurality of base stations; where the plurality of base stations comprise a serving base station and a non-serving base station; receiving and measuring an SPS DL-PRS according to a period and time-frequency resource information of the SPS DL-PRS determined from the SPS DL-PRS configuration information and according to a downlink slot of the SPS DL-PRS determined from the SPS DL-PRS activation information, and obtaining a positioning measurement; and sending the positioning measurement to the LMF or the serving base station of the UE.

To reduce latency in uplink communication, a user device transmits first application data in an uplink direction, while the UE is in a connected state associated with a protocol for controlling radio resources (1602), transitioning, in response to a certain period of application data inactivity, to an inactive state associated with the protocol (1604), determining a channel configuration for uplink communication when the user device is in the inactive state (1606), and transmitting, by the processing hardware, further application data in the uplink direction to a base station in accordance with the determined channel configuration (1608) when the user device is in the inactive state, prior to transmitting a request to transition to the connected state and subsequently to completing a procedure for synchronizing the radio link between the user device and the base station.

A method of coordinating a plurality of radio access networks (RANs) includes aggregating, with a gateway, communications interfaces between a plurality of RANs and a packet core network through the gateway. A plurality of radio nodes (RNs) in each of the RANs is communicatively coupled to the gateway and to user equipment (UE) devices associated with the RNs in each of the RANs. The gateway also controls and coordinates mobility of the UE devices within and among the RANs. In addition, the gateway acts as a virtual enhanced NodeB (eNB) to the packet core network, thereby hiding the aggregated communications interfaces from the packet core network.

A method of coordinating a plurality of radio access networks (RANs) includes aggregating, with a gateway, communications interfaces between a plurality of RANs and a packet core network through the gateway. A plurality of radio nodes (RNs) in each of the RANs is communicatively coupled to the gateway and to user equipment (UE) devices associated with the RNs in each of the RANs. The gateway also controls and coordinates mobility of the UE devices within and among the RANs. In addition, the gateway acts as a virtual enhanced NodeB (eNB) to the packet core network, thereby hiding the aggregated communications interfaces from the packet core network.

The present disclosure relates to a communication technique for converging IoT technology with 5G communication systems for supporting higher data transmission rates than 4G systems and to a system thereof. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security- and safety-related services, etc.) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technologies. The method for operating a policy and charging function (PCF) according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: receiving a message which is generated by an application function (AF) and requests a change in the traffic route of terminal; checking priority information of the terminal, regarding services provided by the AF, included in the message; and changing the protocol data unit (PDU) session connection of the terminal on the basis of the priority information.

A method of coordinating a plurality of radio access networks (RANs) includes aggregating, with a gateway, communications interfaces between a plurality of RANs and a packet core network through the gateway. A plurality of radio nodes (RNs) in each of the RANs is communicatively coupled to the gateway and to user equipment (UE) devices associated with the RNs in each of the RANs. The gateway also controls and coordinates mobility of the UE devices within and among the RANs. In addition, the gateway acts as a virtual enhanced NodeB (eNB) to the packet core network, thereby hiding the aggregated communications interfaces from the packet core network.

A method of coordinating a plurality of radio access networks (RANs) includes aggregating, with a gateway, communications interfaces between a plurality of RANs and a packet core network through the gateway. A plurality of radio nodes (RNs) in each of the RANs is communicatively coupled to the gateway and to user equipment (UE) devices associated with the RNs in each of the RANs. The gateway also controls and coordinates mobility of the UE devices within and among the RANs. In addition, the gateway acts as a virtual enhanced NodeB (eNB) to the packet core network, thereby hiding the aggregated communications interfaces from the packet core network.

Wireless communications for a plurality of cell groups are described. Uplink transmissions, such as uplink transport blocks, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission, and/or channel state information transmission, may be based on one or more time alignment timers associated with a cell group.

Wireless communications for a plurality of cell groups are described. Uplink transmissions, such as uplink transport blocks, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission, and/or channel state information transmission, may be based on one or more time alignment timers associated with a cell group.