Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) performs a plurality of positioning measurements of a plurality of positioning reference signals (PRS) transmitted by at least one network node, transmits a first physical layer message having a fixed payload size, wherein the first physical layer message includes at least an indication of a type, a number, or both of a first set of positioning measurements of the plurality of positioning measurements to be included in a second physical layer message having a variable payload size, and transmits the second physical layer message having the variable payload size, wherein the second physical layer message includes at least the first set of positioning measurements, and wherein the variable payload size of the second physical layer message is based at least on the type, the number, or both of the first set of positioning measurements.

A method for operating a network node (100) in a wireless communication network is provided. The method comprises transmitting at least one beamformed signal (20-27). Each one of the at least one beamformed signal (20-27) is indicative of a respective positioning information. The respective positioning information is indicative of a respective virtual reference point (40-47) which is offset from a position of a transmit point (50) of the wireless communication network used for transmitting the at least one beamformed signal (20-27). The beamformed signal (20-27) is suitable for enabling a positioning measurement of a wireless communication device (200).

A method for operating a network node (100) in a wireless communication network is provided. The method comprises transmitting at least one beamformed signal (20-27). Each one of the at least one beamformed signal (20-27) is indicative of a respective positioning information. The respective positioning information is indicative of a respective virtual reference point (40-47) which is offset from a position of a transmit point (50) of the wireless communication network used for transmitting the at least one beamformed signal (20-27). The beamformed signal (20-27) is suitable for enabling a positioning measurement of a wireless communication device (200).

Methods for configuring and receiving a transmission resource for a PRS, and a UE are provided. The method for configuring the transmission resource for a PRS includes transmitting an S-PRS resource set. An S-PRS resource comprised in the S-PRS resource set is preconfigured, or configured through PC5 RRC signaling, or configured through base station RRC signaling.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for determining a position of a V2X device in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments. Disclosed are a method and apparatus, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a first signal from a first road side unit (RSU) and a second signal from a second RSU through a first antenna and a second antenna distributed over a predetermined distance; measuring a first time difference that is a reception time difference for the first signal and a second time difference that is a reception time difference for the second signal between the first antenna and the second antenna; and determining the position of the V2X device on the basis of the first time difference and the second time difference, wherein the V2X device calculates a first hyperbola on the basis of the first time difference and a second hyperbola on the basis of the second time difference, determines a first offset on the basis of the predetermined distance and the first time difference, and determines a second offset on the basis of the predetermined distance and the second time difference, wherein the position of the V2X device is determined on the basis of an intersection point between the first hyperbola to which the first offset is applied and the second hyperbola to which the second offset is applied.

A system is provided that includes a mobile user device (300) that executes an application and determines and transmits a recipe for generating a target cosmetic material that is based on a combination of a plurality of separate ingredients that are associated with the user. The system includes a dispensing device (100) configured to receive the transmitted recipe from the mobile user device 300) and dispense each of the plurality of separate ingredients onto a common dispensing surface such that when the dispensed amounts of each of the plurality of separate ingredients is blended on the dispensing surface, the target cosmetic material is achieved.

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a non-line of sight (NLOS) elimination method and device for a time of arrival (TOA) measurement value, and a terminal. The method includes: modeling the probability density of the TOA measurement value of each base station arriving at a terminal into a Gaussian mixture model, and performing selection and NLOS identification on the TOA measurement value subsequent to performing Gaussian mixture modeling, so as to obtain an identification tag, wherein the identification tag is used for indicating whether the selected TOA measurement values correspond to NLOS; and correcting the selected TOA measurement value according to the identification tag, so as to eliminate an error caused by NLOS in the selected TOA measurement value. The present invention improves the positioning accuracy of a user by performing Gaussian mixture modeling and selection on the probability density of each TOA measurement value, accurately finding the TOA measurement value corresponding to LOS is ensured that in the case that the LOS is aliased with the NLOS, and correcting the selected TOA measurement value to eliminate the error caused by the NLOS in the selected TOA measurement value.

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a non-line of sight (NLOS) elimination method and device for a time of arrival (TOA) measurement value, and a terminal. The method includes: modeling the probability density of the TOA measurement value of each base station arriving at a terminal into a Gaussian mixture model, and performing selection and NLOS identification on the TOA measurement value subsequent to performing Gaussian mixture modeling, so as to obtain an identification tag, wherein the identification tag is used for indicating whether the selected TOA measurement values correspond to NLOS; and correcting the selected TOA measurement value according to the identification tag, so as to eliminate an error caused by NLOS in the selected TOA measurement value. The present invention improves the positioning accuracy of a user by performing Gaussian mixture modeling and selection on the probability density of each TOA measurement value, accurately finding the TOA measurement value corresponding to LOS is ensured that in the case that the LOS is aliased with the NLOS, and correcting the selected TOA measurement value to eliminate the error caused by the NLOS in the selected TOA measurement value.

Satellites in a non-terrestrial network may provide positioning reference signals (PRS) to user equipment (UE), with which the UE may determine its position using propagation delay difference measurements, such as Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurement. Due to the large distances between satellites and the UE, the propagation delay differences in the PRS received from satellites may exceed half a radio frame, resulting in a frame level timing ambiguity in the differential measurements. The satellites transmit secondary PRS, along with primary PRS, that include timing information to resolve frame level timing ambiguity of the primary PRS. The positioning occasions in the secondary PRS, for example, may be aligned with corresponding positioning occasions primary PRS within each radio frame, and are transmitted with a periodicity that is an integer multiple (greater than 1) of that of the primary PRS to resolve the frame level timing ambiguity of the primary PRS.

Satellites in a non-terrestrial network may provide positioning reference signals (PRS) to user equipment (UE), with which the UE may determine its position using propagation delay difference measurements, such as Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurement. Due to the large distances between satellites and the UE, the propagation delay differences in the PRS received from satellites may exceed half a radio frame, resulting in a frame level timing ambiguity in the differential measurements. The satellites transmit secondary PRS, along with primary PRS, that include timing information to resolve frame level timing ambiguity of the primary PRS. The positioning occasions in the secondary PRS, for example, may be aligned with corresponding positioning occasions primary PRS within each radio frame, and are transmitted with a periodicity that is an integer multiple (greater than 1) of that of the primary PRS to resolve the frame level timing ambiguity of the primary PRS.