An information converting method and a system thereof are configured to convert a first information into a second information. An information obtaining step is performed to obtain the first information corresponding to a first communication protocol and transmit the first information to a converter. The first information includes a first access layer sub-information and an upper-layer protocol sub-information. A first access layer removing step is performed to drive the converter to remove the first access layer sub-information from the first information according to a converting process. A second access layer adding step is performed to drive the converter to add a second access layer sub-information corresponding to a second communication protocol to the first information and combine the second access layer sub-information with the upper-layer protocol sub-information according to the converting process, so that the first information is converted into the second information.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a portable computing device for wireless communications comprises a first network interface for communicating with a public wireless wide area network (WWAN), a second network interface for communicating with a private wireless local area network (WLAN), and a processor executing under control of software instructions, the software instructions defining a gateway protocol, the gateway protocol establishing the portable computing device as an access point within the private WLAN after the wireless presence on the public WWAN is established.

An information terminal sequentially transmits one or more packets to an information distribution server, receives acknowledgments for the transmitted packets from the information distribution server, and records a round trip time and occurrence of packet loss for each of the transmitted packets. Among one or more packet sequences, the information terminal counts the number of packet sequences which are such that the number of packet losses included in each of the packet sequences and an increase state of the round trip time for packets included in the packet sequence satisfy respective predetermined conditions. Each of the one or more packet sequences has multiple continuous packets including one or more packets, for which packet loss is recorded among the transmitted packets, at the top. The information terminal calculates a packet loss ratio on the basis of the counted number and the number of transmitted packets.

In peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, it has been recognized herein that various context information needs to be exchanged between peer devices (PDs) or between different layers/protocols within a peer device (PD). Various embodiments described herein address how to design effective management functions, services, and primitives for context management across and/or within different protocol layers to enable context-aware peer-to-peer communications in proximity. This disclosure proposes multiple embodiments for cross-layer context management in context-aware peer-to-peer communication in proximity. For example, embodiments described herein provide context management to efficiently enable context-aware P2P communications, such as, for example, social networks.

Disclosed herein is a system including an underwater housing having an underwater wireless module communicating with a camera, an above-water wireless module configured in a floating above-water housing, the underwater wireless module communicating with the above-water wireless module via a tether and a tether extension and retraction device that extends and retracts the tether. The above-water wireless module can be configured on a boat or a separate floating housing. The underwater module receives a first wireless signal from the media capture device capturing images to yield a first signal. The underwater module in the extended system transmits the first signal via the tether to the above-water module and the above-water module in the extended system transmits the first signal to yield a second wireless signal, wherein a mobile device can receive the second wireless signal and display the images or video captured from the camera.

Disclosed herein is a system including an underwater housing having an underwater wireless module communicating with a camera, an above-water wireless module configured in a floating above-water housing, the underwater wireless module communicating with the above-water wireless module via a tether and a tether extension and retraction device that extends and retracts the tether. The above-water wireless module can be configured on a boat or a separate floating housing. The underwater module receives a first wireless signal from the media capture device capturing images to yield a first signal. The underwater module in the extended system transmits the first signal via the tether to the above-water module and the above-water module in the extended system transmits the first signal to yield a second wireless signal, wherein a mobile device can receive the second wireless signal and display the images or video captured from the camera.

A telecommunications receiver is adapted to communicate with mobile devices that operate according to a protocol where the telecommunications receiver operates outside of expected ranges for the protocol but modifies its communications with mobile devices to appear to those mobile devices as being within the expected ranges. To determine what modifications to make to transmissions, the telecommunication receiver processes signals from mobile devices to determine where a communications channel is relative to the expected ranges and uses that information to modify transmissions to mobile devices. The expected ranges might relate to maximum distance between telecommunications receiver and a mobile device, maximum relative velocity, power etc. Determining a relative velocity, and therefore a Doppler shift, can be done by determining a fractional frequency offset, determining an expected subchannel, and determining an integer frequency offset based on the expected subchannel carrier frequency and the measured carrier frequency.

A telecommunications receiver is adapted to communicate with mobile devices that operate according to a protocol where the telecommunications receiver operates outside of expected ranges for the protocol but modifies its communications with mobile devices to appear to those mobile devices as being within the expected ranges. To determine what modifications to make to transmissions, the telecommunication receiver processes signals from mobile devices to determine where a communications channel is relative to the expected ranges and uses that information to modify transmissions to mobile devices. The expected ranges might relate to maximum distance between telecommunications receiver and a mobile device, maximum relative velocity, power etc. Determining a relative velocity, and therefore a Doppler shift, can be done by determining a fractional frequency offset, determining an expected subchannel, and determining an integer frequency offset based on the expected subchannel carrier frequency and the measured carrier frequency.

A centralized RAN architecture that includes lower layer transmission nodes (referred to as distributed units (DUs) herein) that connect to an upper layer RAN node (referred to as a centralized unit (CU) herein). A centralized RAN architecture may include a functional split, between the CU and DU, corresponding to the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) and Radio Link Control (RLC) layers. In one embodiment, a CU may store copies of downlink PDCP PDUs that are transmitted to a first DU. The CU may retransmit, to a second DU, those of the PDCP PDUs which were previously transmitted to the source DU but have not been acknowledged as successfully delivered by the source DU.

A signaling radio bearer (SRB) transmission method includes: applying, according to configuration, radio link control (RLC) layer unacknowledged (UM) mode for all or part of SRB data.