Various embodiments comprise apparatuses and methods including a communications subsystem having an interface module and a protocol module with the communications subsystem being configured to be coupled to an antenna. An applications subsystem includes a software applications module and an abstraction module. The software applications module is to execute an operating system and user applications; the abstraction module is to provide an interface with the software applications module. A controller interface module is coupled to the abstraction module and the interface module and is to convert signals from the applications subsystem into signals that are executable by the communications subsystem. Additional apparatuses and methods are described.

An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle communication system which distributes information which is necessary in vehicle units. A vehicle communication system according to the present invention includes: a vehicle base station which performs wireless communication with a vehicle terminal installed in a vehicle to receive vehicle related service; and a server apparatus which specifies the vehicle base station of a message distribution destination according to the vehicle related service to be provided, and distributes a message related to the vehicle related service to be provided, to the specified vehicle base station. When receiving the message transmitted from the server apparatus, the vehicle base station transmits the message to the vehicle terminal which subscribes to the vehicle related service related to the message, from a plurality of vehicle terminals and located in a communication area formed by the vehicle base station.

An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle communication system which distributes information which is necessary in vehicle units. A vehicle communication system according to the present invention includes: a vehicle base station which performs wireless communication with a vehicle terminal installed in a vehicle to receive vehicle related service; and a server apparatus which specifies the vehicle base station of a message distribution destination according to the vehicle related service to be provided, and distributes a message related to the vehicle related service to be provided, to the specified vehicle base station. When receiving the message transmitted from the server apparatus, the vehicle base station transmits the message to the vehicle terminal which subscribes to the vehicle related service related to the message, from a plurality of vehicle terminals and located in a communication area formed by the vehicle base station.

The invention relates to a concrete access-denial bollard (1) for preventing access to vehicles, characterized in that it comprises means for wireless remote communication, in particular for connecting to an Internet network.

A method may include receiving, at a first wireless station, first data wirelessly transmitted from first user equipment (UE) devices, wherein the first data includes quality of service (QoS) information, and forwarding the first data from the first UE devices to a second wireless station, wherein the first wireless station does not map the QoS information included with the first data. The method also includes receiving, by the second wireless station, the first data and second data transmitted from second UE devices, wherein the second data includes QoS information. The method may further include forwarding, by the second wireless station, the first and second data to a third wireless station, wherein the second wireless station does not map the QoS information included in the first or second data, and wherein the third wireless station is configured to forward the first and second data via a backhaul network.

Fifth generation (5G) non-standalone (NSA) radio access system employing virtual fourth generation (4G) master connection to enable dual system data connectivity. The 5G NSA radio access system employs a virtual 4G radio access node (RAN) to provide a logical master data connection to a user mobile communications device, and a 5G RAN to provide an additional, secondary high-speed data plane between the user mobile communications device to a core network. The virtual 4G RAN does not provide an actual 4G radio connection over-the-air to the user mobile communications device. Instead, the signaling transported between the user mobile communications device and the virtual 4G RAN is provided over a non-radio connection, such as an internet protocol (IP) connection. In this manner, the deployment of the 5G NSA radio access system employing the virtual 4G RAN can be achieved without updating existing 4G RANs and/or without deploying a new 4G RAN infrastructure.

Fifth generation (5G) non-standalone (NSA) radio access system employing virtual fourth generation (4G) master connection to enable dual system data connectivity. The 5G NSA radio access system employs a virtual 4G radio access node (RAN) to provide a logical master data connection to a user mobile communications device, and a 5G RAN to provide an additional, secondary high-speed data plane between the user mobile communications device to a core network. The virtual 4G RAN does not provide an actual 4G radio connection over-the-air to the user mobile communications device. Instead, the signaling transported between the user mobile communications device and the virtual 4G RAN is provided over a non-radio connection, such as an internet protocol (IP) connection. In this manner, the deployment of the 5G NSA radio access system employing the virtual 4G RAN can be achieved without updating existing 4G RANs and/or without deploying a new 4G RAN infrastructure.

Various embodiments comprise apparatuses and methods including a communications subsystem having an interface module and a protocol module with the communications subsystem being configured to be coupled to an antenna. An applications subsystem includes a software applications module and an abstraction module. The software applications module is to execute an operating system and user applications; the abstraction module is to provide an interface with the software applications module. A controller interface module is coupled to the abstraction module and the interface module and is to convert signals from the applications subsystem into signals that are executable by the communications subsystem. Additional apparatuses and methods are described.

Various embodiments comprise apparatuses and methods including a communications subsystem having an interface module and a protocol module with the communications subsystem being configured to be coupled to an antenna. An applications subsystem includes a software applications module and an abstraction module. The software applications module is to execute an operating system and user applications; the abstraction module is to provide an interface with the software applications module. A controller interface module is coupled to the abstraction module and the interface module and is to convert signals from the applications subsystem into signals that are executable by the communications subsystem. Additional apparatuses and methods are described.

A resource indication method includes generating, by an access point, resource mapping information, where the resource mapping information includes a plurality of mapping segments, each mapping segment is associated with a frame type, each mapping segment includes a plurality of resource indicators, and each resource indicator indicates a resource allocated to a station in a frame corresponding to a frame type associated with a mapping segment to which the resource indicator belongs, and sending, by the access point, the resource mapping information.