Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to electronic cigarette temperature compensation.

A replacement abstract is included on the final page of this document.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A heater and a cigarette device containing the heater are provided. The heater includes a base. A cavity chamber is formed inside the base and is used to receive solid smoking substances. The base has an opened end and a closed end disposed opposite to each other. The solid smoking substances are received in the cavity chamber or removed from the cavity chamber through the opened end. An infrared heating assembly is used to receive electric powers of an electric power source in order to generate heat, and transmits the generated heat in at least a way of infrared radiation toward the solid smoking substances received in the cavity chamber from the closed end of the base in order to generate aerosols for inhaling. The generated aerosols are brought away by airflows passing the opened end of the base.

The present invention relates to methods and electro-thermal heating elements in which the electro-thermal heating element comprises a cut-out. Forming at least one multi-resistance patch for the cut-out and attaching the at least one multi-resistance patch to the electro-thermal heating element proximate to the cut-out.

An integrated control device for mounting in electrically heated articles of apparel for controlling power to heating wires secured in the articles of apparel. The control device has a finger-operable switch integrated with electronic circuits mounted on a pcb board. The electronic circuits have a communication circuit to interface with a user person to provide message information to the user person. A waterproof envelope shields at least a portion of the control device. An input electrical connecting port is mounted on the control device and accessible from outside the waterproof envelope. The input electrical connecting port is configured to magnetically receive and retain an external electrical connector having a conductor cable secured thereto to provide power to the electronic circuits from an external electrical power source. The input electrical connecting port, and the external electrical connector positioned therein, exhibit a magnetic coupling force of a predetermined strength permitting rotational planar displacement of the external electrical connector, when a shear force is applied thereto by the conductor cable of the external electrical connector, without separating the magnetic coupling retention force between the magnet retainers.

A system for heating animals. The heating system uses an elongated curved reflector around an elongated infrared light source to reflect heat off of the elongated curved reflector and onto piglets provided in the piglet creep of a farrowing crate. The system has a reduced thermal gradient to efficiently transfer heat to animals, such as piglets, without overheating other nearby animals, such as sows.

A light irradiation unit includes a substrate having a longitudinal direction, the longitudinal direction being a first axis direction; multiple light sources arranged along the first axis direction on a first surface of the substrate; a heat dissipation member arranged on a second surface of the substrate opposite to the first surface; and a housing having a pair of first side surfaces holding the heat dissipation member therebetween in a second axis direction orthogonal to the first axis direction along the first surface. The substrate has, at an end portion in the first axis direction, an end surface intersecting the first axis direction. The location of the end surface in the first axis direction is near an edge of the first side surface along the first axis direction. The end surface is exposed from the housing or covered by a detachable protection member.

The invention provides an optical heating device and method of heating treatment capable of adjusting the illuminance distribution on the main surface of a substrate to be treated more precisely. An optical heating device that heats a substrate to be treated by irradiating light, the optical heating device includes; a support member supporting the substrate to be treated; and a light source unit including a plurality of LED substrates each having a first main surface on which a plurality of LED elements are mounted; in which at least one of the plurality of LED substrates is arranged such that the first main surface is inclined to the second main surface of the substrate to be treated when the substrate to be treated is supported by the support member.

A heater assembly that that is effective at maintaining heating lamps at acceptable temperatures is disclosed. The heater assembly utilizes radiative heat transfer to transfer unwanted heat buildup in the heating lamps to a cooling base. One or more high emissivity films are disposed between the heating lamps and the cooling base to facilitate heat transfer. Further, a reflective coating is applied to a portion of the heating lamps to reflect heat away from the cooling base. The heater assembly may be utilized in a high vacuum environment as it does not rely on convective cooling.