A heat exchanger for cooling air, with a coolant onward-flow connection for feeding liquid coolant for cooling air and a coolant return-flow connection for discharging liquid coolant. For removing ice by melting accumulated ice in the heat exchanger, a heater is provided that is associated with an electrical heating element. An operational safety device prevents overheating of the heater. The operational safety device comprises a fault-current detection device. Such a heater, with a heating element for heating air for subjecting accumulated ice to heated air, and with such an operational safety device is provided. Also, a galley for a commercial aircraft is provided with a receiving space for trolleys, and a cooling device for cooling the receiving space. The cooling device comprises such a heat exchanger for cooling air.

A heated electrostatic chuck is provided, including a base having an upper surface and peripheral side surfaces, a thermal barrier coating formed by plasma deposition directly on at least the upper surface of the base, at least one heating element formed on portions of the thermal barrier coating, an electrically insulating layer formed on the heating element and exposed portions of the thermal barrier coating, at least one chucking electrode formed on at least a portion of the electrically insulating layer, and a protective layer formed on the chucking electrode.

An aerosol-generating element for generating an aerosol in a shisha device, the aerosol-generating element includes a receptacle for receiving an aerosol-forming substrate and a photonic device configured to generate a beam of IR radiation. The aerosol-generating element is arranged to heat the aerosol-forming substrate by directing the beam of IR radiation onto the aerosol-forming substrate. The photonic device includes an IR laser diode. The range of wavelengths of the beam of IR radiation is from 1300 nanometers to 2000 nanometers.

An aerosol-generating element for generating an aerosol in a shisha device, the aerosol-generating element includes a receptacle for receiving an aerosol-forming substrate and a photonic device configured to generate a beam of IR radiation. The aerosol-generating element is arranged to heat the aerosol-forming substrate by directing the beam of IR radiation onto the aerosol-forming substrate. The photonic device includes an IR laser diode. The range of wavelengths of the beam of IR radiation is from 1300 nanometers to 2000 nanometers.

The present disclosure relates to an induction heating type cooktop and includes a case; a cover plate configured to be coupled to the upper end of the case and provided with an upper plate portion on which an object to be heated is disposed; a working coil provided inside the case; a thin film configured to be coated on the upper plate portion and to be inductively heated by the working coil; and an adiabatic material provided between the upper plate portion and the working coil, in which the thin film may be formed to have at least one closed loop that does not include a central region of the working coil.

The present disclosure relates to an induction heating type cooktop and includes a case; a cover plate configured to be coupled to the upper end of the case and provided with an upper plate portion on which an object to be heated is disposed; a working coil provided inside the case; a thin film configured to be coated on the upper plate portion and to be inductively heated by the working coil; and an adiabatic material provided between the upper plate portion and the working coil, in which the thin film may be formed to have at least one closed loop that does not include a central region of the working coil.

An induction heating type cooktop includes: a case; a cover plate coupled to upper end of the case and defining upper plate portion for placing object to be heated; a single layer of working coil in the case; a thin-film on the upper plate portion and configured to be inductively heated by the working coil; and an adiabatic material between the upper plate portion and the working coil. The working coil is configured to: based on the object being nonmagnetic object, induce electrical current at the thin-film to heat the nonmagnetic object; and based on the object being magnetic object, generate and provide magnetic flux toward the magnetic object to heat the magnetic object. The working coil overlaps the thin-film in a vertical direction. The thin-film has open area overlapping the central area of the working coil in vertical direction, and the film is composed of one or more parts.

An induction heating type cooktop includes: a case; a cover plate coupled to upper end of the case and defining upper plate portion for placing object to be heated; a single layer of working coil in the case; a thin-film on the upper plate portion and configured to be inductively heated by the working coil; and an adiabatic material between the upper plate portion and the working coil. The working coil is configured to: based on the object being nonmagnetic object, induce electrical current at the thin-film to heat the nonmagnetic object; and based on the object being magnetic object, generate and provide magnetic flux toward the magnetic object to heat the magnetic object. The working coil overlaps the thin-film in a vertical direction. The thin-film has open area overlapping the central area of the working coil in vertical direction, and the film is composed of one or more parts.

A method for operating a heating means of a cooking appliance includes: the heating means is made of a conductive material. The heating means is arranged opposite a further conductive element of the cooking appliance so that a cooking chamber of the cooking appliance extends between the heating means and the further conductive element. In an alternating manner, an alternating voltage relative to the further conductive element is applied to or generated on the heating means in order to generate an electromagnetic alternating field which passes through the cooking chamber, and a current is applied to or generated on the heating means in order to heat the heating means by ohmic losses.

A method for operating a heating means of a cooking appliance includes: the heating means is made of a conductive material. The heating means is arranged opposite a further conductive element of the cooking appliance so that a cooking chamber of the cooking appliance extends between the heating means and the further conductive element. In an alternating manner, an alternating voltage relative to the further conductive element is applied to or generated on the heating means in order to generate an electromagnetic alternating field which passes through the cooking chamber, and a current is applied to or generated on the heating means in order to heat the heating means by ohmic losses.