A client-server system and a blockchain method for calculating whether a time-crucial shipment is located according to an expectation comprising a client device adapted for being adhered to or placed within a time-crucial package shipment; and a remote special purpose computer server comprising a transit plan schedule database based on pickup time and location stored in memory, the remote special purpose computer server being programmed to calculate a location of the client device based on data accessed from a Wi-Fi access point location database, the transmitted identification data, and the transmitted signal strength data, and compare the calculated location to an expected location based on common carrier schedule transit plan pickup time and delivery location received from third party database sources.

Systems and methods include receiving a desired light color temperature-time function. A first drive signal parameter is selected for a first light source having a first color temperature and a second drive signal parameter is selected for a second light source having a second color temperature. The drive signal parameters are selected to create a color temperature for a value of the desired light color temperature-time function. First light is emitted from the first light source and second light from the second light source. The first light and the second light combine to form blended light at the color temperature for the value from the desired light color temperature-time function.

Provided is a new composition of matter for phosphorescent emitters containing a chelating ligand including five or more fused carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings that form two bonds to a metal forming a 7-membered chelate. This fused ring structure provides added rigidity to the molecule for enhanced stability in an OLED device and improve photophysical properties.

Provided is a new composition of matter for phosphorescent emitters containing a chelating ligand including five or more fused carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings that form two bonds to a metal forming a 7-membered chelate. This fused ring structure provides added rigidity to the molecule for enhanced stability in an OLED device and improve photophysical properties.

In one embodiment, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) driving device for driving a plurality of LEDs has a switching matrix utilizing a plurality of one of a turn off thyristors or turn off triacs coupled to the plurality of LEDs. A controller is coupled to the switching matrix responsive to a voltage of a rectified AC halfwave, wherein combinations of the plurality of LEDs are altered to ensure a maximum operating voltage of the plurality of LEDs is not exceeded. A current limiting device is coupled to the combinations of the plurality of LED to regulate current. In a second embodiment an offline charge pump utilizes a switching matrix to recombine capacitors in accordance with the voltage on the AC half wave and then in accordance with a desired output voltage to feed a load, such that said recombinations occur at a frequency much higher than the frequency of the AC rectified half wave such that charge is pumped from the input at one voltage to the output at another voltage through the AC halfwave while providing a constant output voltage to the load.

In one embodiment, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) driving device for driving a plurality of LEDs has a switching matrix utilizing a plurality of one of a turn off thyristors or turn off triacs coupled to the plurality of LEDs. A controller is coupled to the switching matrix responsive to a voltage of a rectified AC halfwave, wherein combinations of the plurality of LEDs are altered to ensure a maximum operating voltage of the plurality of LEDs is not exceeded. A current limiting device is coupled to the combinations of the plurality of LED to regulate current. In a second embodiment an offline charge pump utilizes a switching matrix to recombine capacitors in accordance with the voltage on the AC half wave and then in accordance with a desired output voltage to feed a load, such that said recombinations occur at a frequency much higher than the frequency of the AC rectified half wave such that charge is pumped from the input at one voltage to the output at another voltage through the AC halfwave while providing a constant output voltage to the load.

In one embodiment, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) driving device for driving a plurality of LEDs has a switching matrix utilizing a plurality of one of a turn off thyristors or turn off triacs coupled to the plurality of LEDs. A controller is coupled to the switching matrix responsive to a voltage of a rectified AC halfwave, wherein combinations of the plurality of LEDs are altered to ensure a maximum operating voltage of the plurality of LEDs is not exceeded. A current limiting device is coupled to the combinations of the plurality of LED to regulate current. In a second embodiment an offline charge pump utilizes a switching matrix to recombine capacitors in accordance with the voltage on the AC half wave and then in accordance with a desired output voltage to feed a load, such that said recombinations occur at a frequency much higher than the frequency of the AC rectified half wave such that charge is pumped from the input at one voltage to the output at another voltage through the AC halfwave while providing a constant output voltage to the load.

In one embodiment, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) driving device for driving a plurality of LEDs has a switching matrix utilizing a plurality of one of a turn off thyristors or turn off triacs coupled to the plurality of LEDs. A controller is coupled to the switching matrix responsive to a voltage of a rectified AC halfwave, wherein combinations of the plurality of LEDs are altered to ensure a maximum operating voltage of the plurality of LEDs is not exceeded. A current limiting device is coupled to the combinations of the plurality of LED to regulate current. In a second embodiment an offline charge pump utilizes a switching matrix to recombine capacitors in accordance with the voltage on the AC half wave and then in accordance with a desired output voltage to feed a load, such that said recombinations occur at a frequency much higher than the frequency of the AC rectified half wave such that charge is pumped from the input at one voltage to the output at another voltage through the AC halfwave while providing a constant output voltage to the load.

A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) apparatus has a power source outputting a source DC power at a source DC voltage, a plurality of LEDs drivable at a driving DC voltage lower than the source DC voltage, and an electrical path connecting the power source to each LED for powering the LED by the power source. Each electrical path comprises a first portion connected to the power source at the source DC voltage and a second portion connected to the LED at the driving DC voltage, and the length of the first portion is longer than that of the second portion.

A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) apparatus has a power source outputting a source DC power at a source DC voltage, a plurality of LEDs drivable at a driving DC voltage lower than the source DC voltage, and an electrical path connecting the power source to each LED for powering the LED by the power source. Each electrical path comprises a first portion connected to the power source at the source DC voltage and a second portion connected to the LED at the driving DC voltage, and the length of the first portion is longer than that of the second portion.