A switch apparatus adapted to be disposed on a wall surface includes a box, a heat generating element, a cover, a switch element, and a first heat dissipation structure. The box has an opening and is adapted to be embedded into the wall surface. The heat generating element is disposed inside the box. The cover is assembled to the box and covers the opening. The cover has a front surface and a rear surface opposite to each other. The rear surface faces toward the box, and the front surface is adapted to be exposed from the wall surface. The switch element is disposed on the front surface. The first heat dissipation structure includes first and second sections connected with each other. The first section is connected with the cover and exposed from the front surface, and the second section extends into the box and contacts the heat generating element.

A dual-output power adapter for a lighted artificial tree having a plurality of tree portions with light strings having lighting elements. The dual-output power adapter includes a power cord including a first power conductor and a second power conductor, the power cord configured to transmit an input electrical power; a housing configured to receive the first power conductor and a second power conductor; power-converting circuitry in electrical connection with the first power conductor and the second power conductor, the power-converting circuitry configured to convert the input electrical power to a first output electrical power; a first pair of conductors for transmitting the first output electrical power; and a second pair of conductors for transmitting a second output electrical power.

A light emitting diode lighting assembly that receives an electrical excitation signal that is varied from a dimming device. Driving circuitry receives the varying input and has first and second paths that each have a plurality of light emitting diodes. Each plurality of light emitting diodes has a threshold voltage with the threshold voltage of the first plurality of diodes being less than the threshold voltage of the second plurality of lighting emitting diodes. The current within the first path is controlled by a current limiting device that is controlled by a resistor that receives input from the second path to gradually turn off the first plurality of light emitting diodes as the second plurality of lighting emitting diodes increase in intensity. A shunt voltage regulator within the circuit having a threshold voltage that is above threshold voltages of components in the assembly to minimize voltage increases in the assembly.

The present invention discloses a lighting system, comprising: an emergency power supply assembly, a lighting assembly, at least one first electrical connection for connecting the emergency power supply assembly, and at least one second electrical connection for connecting the lighting assembly, wherein the at least one first electrical connector and the at least one second electrical connector work with each other to form a quick connection between the emergency power supply assembly and the lighting assembly. The present invention also discloses an emergency power supply assembly. The present invention further discloses a lighting assembly. The present invention also discloses a lighting system installation method.

Various embodiments of solid state transducer (SST) devices are disclosed. In several embodiments, a light emitter device includes a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor, an active region operably coupled to the MOS capacitor, and a bulk semiconductor material operably coupled to the active region. The active region can include at least one quantum well configured to store first charge carriers under a first bias. The bulk semiconductor material is arranged to provide second charge carriers to the active region under the second bias such that the active region emits UV light.

An apparatus is provided which comprises a clock inverter having an input coupled to a clock node, the clock inverter having an output, wherein the clock inverter has an N-well which is coupled to a first power supply; and a plurality of sequential logics coupled to the output of the clock inverter and also coupled to the clock node, wherein at least one sequential logics of the plurality of the sequential logics has an N-well which is coupled to a second power supply, wherein the second power supply has a voltage level lower than a voltage level of the first power supply.

An integrated LED structure and a method of adjusting the emission spectrum of an integrated LED structure, for photobiological process is disclosed. The structure comprises a substrate; a plurality of optically isolated and electrically non-independent light emission areas integrated on the substrate; a light emitting semiconductor source of a first type mounted in the emission area(s); a light emitting semiconductor source of a second type mounted in the emission area(s); an electrical circuit layer for connecting the light emitting semiconductor sources in serial fashion for each emission area; and wavelength conversion materials. The emission areas are controlled with a common electrical drive current, and the emission output can be tuned by adjusting the common current value, to enable use of one luminaire for a large variety of biomass growing applications.

An airfield runway lamp controller is described herein. One airfield runway lamp controller includes a current sense transformer configured to detect a failure of a light source of an airfield runway lamp, and an alternating current (AC) switch configured to shunt the light source of the airfield runway lamp upon the current sense transformer detecting a failure of the light source.

An airfield runway lamp controller is described herein. One airfield runway lamp controller includes a current sense transformer configured to detect a failure of a light source of an airfield runway lamp, and an alternating current (AC) switch configured to shunt the light source of the airfield runway lamp upon the current sense transformer detecting a failure of the light source.

A light emitting diode (LED) tube lamp includes a lamp tube; a first pin and a second pin coupled to a first end of the lamp tube, and a third pin coupled to a second end of the lamp tube; a first rectifying circuit comprising diodes and connected to the first and second pins, and a second rectifying circuit comprising diodes and connected to the third pin and an output terminal of the first rectifying circuit; a filtering circuit coupled to the two rectifying circuits and the LED module, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal; an LED module comprising LEDs for emitting light, the LED module configured to be driven by the rectified signal or the filtered signal; and a driving circuit coupled between the two rectifying circuits and the LED module, and configured to drive the LED module. The LED tube lamp is configured to receive the external driving signal and emit light in each of two power supply arrangements, the two arrangements being respectively that the external driving signal is a low frequency signal input and transmitted through the first and second pins, and that the external driving signal is a low frequency signal input and transmitted through one of the first and second pins and the third pin across the two ends of the lamp tube. The LED tube lamp is configured such that when the received external driving signal is a low frequency signal, the LED tube lamp causes the rectified signal or the filtered signal to be used by the driving circuit for driving the LED module to emit light.