An LED lighting apparatus includes a first LED light source and a second LED light source included in a first light source group; a third LED light source and a fourth LED light source included in a second light source group; a mode detection circuit configured to determine a mode; a current control unit for serial and parallel connection of the first light source group and the second light source group; balancing circuits for serial and parallel connection of the respective light source groups; and a current path providing circuit for providing current paths. The LED lighting apparatus performs light emission in various states depending on the change of a rectified voltage and the change of a mode.

To provide a light-emitting device whose amount of light can be adjusted, or the like. The amount of light emitted from the light-emitting device can be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the constant current pulse by a control signal. Specifically, the light-emitting device includes a constant current supply configured to be supplied with a control signal and a control pulse signal and configured to supply a constant current pulse; a control device configured to supply the control signal; a driver circuit configured to supply the control pulse signal; and a light-emitting panel configured to be supplied with the constant current pulse. The control signal is a signal for controlling the magnitude of the constant current pulse. The light-emitting panel includes a light-emitting element. The current density of the light-emitting element is greater than or equal to 10 mA/cm.sup.2 and less than or equal to 1000 mA/cm.sup.2.

The disclosure provides a display device driving method and a display device. In driving the display device in which any one of a first frequency drive and a second frequency drive can be selected as a specific frequency, for a scanning period at the specific frequency from a start of a quenching period for a first row forming a frame to an end of a quenching period for a last row forming the frame, the scanning period in the second frequency drive is shorter than the scanning period in the first frequency drive.

According to certain embodiments, an electronic device comprises: a housing; an optical sensor module disposed in the housing and including one or more light-emitting elements, and one or more light-receiving elements; a light source driver disposed in the housing and configured to control power supply of the one or more light-emitting elements; and at least one processor disposed in the housing and operatively connected to the optical sensor module and the light source driver, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify a light source of the one or more light-emitting elements and turn-on/off timings of the one or more light-emitting elements according to a sensor measurement mode or a measurement function when the optical sensor module is driven, configure a control signal of the light source driver in response to the identified turn-on/off timings of the one or more light-emitting elements, based on the control signal, apply an output voltage of the light source driver as power of the one or more light-emitting elements in a turn-on period of the one or more light-emitting elements, and block the power of the one or more light-emitting elements by limiting output of the light source driver in a turn-off period of the one or more light-emitting elements.

A thin film transistor 101 includes: a gate electrode 2; a gate insulating layer 3; a semiconductor layer 4 including an amorphous semiconductor layer 4a and a crystalline semiconductor layer 4c that is disposed on a portion of the amorphous semiconductor layer 4a, the semiconductor layer 4 including an active region Rc that includes the crystalline semiconductor layer 4c and a portion of the amorphous semiconductor layer 4a, and the semiconductor layer 4 including first and second semiconductor regions Rs and Rd which respectively include first and second amorphous portions A1 and A2 that are located on opposite sides of the active region Rc; a protective insulating layer 5; first and second contact layers Cs and Cd disposed on the semiconductor layer 4 and the protective insulating layer 5; a source electrode 8s; and a drain electrode 8d. The first contact layer Cs includes a first amorphous contact layer 7s that is directly in contact with the first semiconductor region Rs and a portion of a side surface of the crystalline semiconductor layer 4c. The second contact layer Cd includes a second amorphous contact layer 7d that is directly in contact with the second semiconductor region Rd and another portion of the side surface of the crystalline semiconductor layer 4c.

A method for controlling an amount of power delivered to an electrical load may include controlling an average magnitude of a load current towards a target load current that ranges from a maximum-rated current to a minimum-rated current in a normal mode, and controlling the average magnitude of the load current below the minimum-rated current in a burst mode. The burst mode may include at least one burst-mode period that comprises a first time period associated with an active state and a second time period associated with an inactive state. During the burst mode, the method may include regulating a peak magnitude of the load current towards the minimum-rated current during the active state, and stopping the generation of at least one drive signal during the inactive state to control the average magnitude of the load current to be less than the minimum-rated current.

A method for controlling an amount of power delivered to an electrical load may include controlling an average magnitude of a load current towards a target load current that ranges from a maximum-rated current to a minimum-rated current in a normal mode, and controlling the average magnitude of the load current below the minimum-rated current in a burst mode. The burst mode may include at least one burst-mode period that comprises a first time period associated with an active state and a second time period associated with an inactive state. During the burst mode, the method may include regulating a peak magnitude of the load current towards the minimum-rated current during the active state, and stopping the generation of at least one drive signal during the inactive state to control the average magnitude of the load current to be less than the minimum-rated current.

An illumination element marks escape routes in vehicles. The illumination element includes a planar substrate, which has: a base surface configured for fastening on a first side; and at least one planar electrical lighting element on a second side. A ratio of a surface area of the base surface to a thickness of the illumination element is greater than 500 mm, and a ratio of the surface area of the base surface to a mass of the illumination element is greater than 100 mm.sup.2/g.

A scanning light source includes a light source, and scans the output light of the light source ahead of a lamp. A control apparatus controls the lighting on/off state of the semiconductor light source in synchronization with the scanning operation of the scanning light source. The control apparatus judges the presence or absence of an abnormal state with at least one from among (i) a timing immediately before switching from a lighting-on state to a lighting-off state and (ii) a timing immediately before switching from a lighting-off state to a lighting-on state as a judgment timing.

A scanning light source includes a light source, and scans the output light of the light source ahead of a lamp. A control apparatus controls the lighting on/off state of the semiconductor light source in synchronization with the scanning operation of the scanning light source. The control apparatus judges the presence or absence of an abnormal state with at least one from among (i) a timing immediately before switching from a lighting-on state to a lighting-off state and (ii) a timing immediately before switching from a lighting-off state to a lighting-on state as a judgment timing.