A bearing structure for an X-ray tube is provided that includes a journal bearing shaft with a radially protruding thrust bearing flange encased within a bearing housing or sleeve. The sleeve includes a thrust seal that is engaged with the sleeve in a manner to maintain coaxiality for the rotating liquid metal seal formed in the sleeve about the shaft. The shaft includes a central bore containing a cooling tube that directs coolant within the bore to maximize the heat transfer from the shaft to the coolant, allowing materials with lower thermal conductivities, such as steel, to be used to form the bearing shaft. The thrust flange on the shaft is formed with channel(s) therein that enable the coolant and/or the liquid metal to effect greater heat transfer on the components of the sleeve through the thrust flange, thereby reducing thermal deformation of the bearing components.

An extreme ultraviolet light generating device may include a chamber, an EUV light focusing mirror provided therein, including a reflection surface having a concave curved shape and an outer peripheral portion around an outer edge of the reflection surface, and configured to focus EUV light radiated from plasma generated when a target is irradiated with laser light, a gas supplying device including peripheral heads provided on or along the outer peripheral portion; and a discharge device including a discharge path forming a discharge port near the outer peripheral portion, and configured to discharge an ion or a particle from the discharge port. The peripheral heads each may blow out a gas flow from the outer peripheral portion or a vicinity thereof along the reflection surface, and allow gas flows to join on the reflection surface to thereby form a gas flow along the reflection surface toward the discharge port.

An extreme ultraviolet light generating device may include a chamber, an EUV light focusing mirror provided therein, including a reflection surface having a concave curved shape and an outer peripheral portion around an outer edge of the reflection surface, and configured to focus EUV light radiated from plasma generated when a target is irradiated with laser light, a gas supplying device including peripheral heads provided on or along the outer peripheral portion; and a discharge device including a discharge path forming a discharge port near the outer peripheral portion, and configured to discharge an ion or a particle from the discharge port. The peripheral heads each may blow out a gas flow from the outer peripheral portion or a vicinity thereof along the reflection surface, and allow gas flows to join on the reflection surface to thereby form a gas flow along the reflection surface toward the discharge port.

A method and apparatus for preheating a bulb tube of medical equipment is provided. The method includes: selecting a scanning condition which satisfies an equipment calibration condition, as a preheating condition for the bulb tube, from scanning conditions used by the medical equipment; selecting a new preheating condition if an accumulated thermal capacity according to selected preheating conditions is smaller than a target thermal capacity, until the accumulated thermal capacity reaches the target thermal capacity, wherein the accumulated thermal capacity indicates a sum of a thermal capacity estimated to be generated when the bulb tube is preheated according to the selected preheating conditions, and the target thermal capacity indicates a thermal capacity required to complete the preheating of the bulb tube; preheating the bulb tube according to selected preheating conditions and executing an equipment calibration corresponding to each of the preheating conditions during the bulb tube preheating.

Various embodiments for shortening the overall length of a pulsed neutron generator having a high voltage power supply are disclosed, including but not limited to, providing the plurality of stages of a high voltage power supply wrapped circumferentially or helically about a radiation generator tube. Various techniques for reducing voltage differentials and mitigating the risk of arcing in these embodiments are also disclosed.

A method and apparatus for selecting high and low energy scanning voltages for a dual energy CT scanner are provided. The method may comprise: setting a criterion of selection for selecting high and low energy scanning voltages; generating combinations of high and low energy scanning voltages according to all scanning voltages supported by a dual energy CT scanner, wherein each of the combinations may comprise a high energy scanning voltage and a low energy scanning voltage; and selecting a combination of high and low energy scanning voltages from the generated combinations of high and low energy scanning voltages based on the criterion of selection.

Provided is a mammography apparatus capable of reducing an increase in the size of an entire apparatus in a case where a plurality of filters and a mirror are provided. A mammography apparatus includes a radiation source that emits radiation toward an imaging stand, a visible light source that is provided outside an irradiation field of the radiation emitted from the radiation source and emits visible light, a first filter that includes an Rh filter and an Al filter as a plurality of filters that is selectively used according to the kind of imaging, and a mirror part that is provided between the radiation source and the imaging stand, includes a Cu filter used in a case where contrast imaging is performed, reflects the visible light toward imaging stand, and is movable between a position inside the irradiation field and a position outside the irradiation field.

Disclosed is a radiation logging tool, comprising a tool housing; a compact generator that produces radiation; a power supply coupled to the compact generator; and control circuitry. Embodiments of the compact generator comprise a generator vacuum tube comprising a source generating charged particles, and a target onto which the charged particles are directed; and a high voltage supply comprising a high voltage multiplier ladder located laterally adjacent to the generator vacuum tube. The high voltage supply applies a high voltage between the source and the target to accelerate the charged particles to a predetermined energy level. The compact generator also includes an electrical coupling between an output of the high voltage supply and the target of the generator vacuum tube to accommodate the collocated positions of the generator vacuum tube and the high voltage power supply.

An x-ray/gamma ray imaging apparatus includes a pixilated x-ray/gamma ray detector (3) including a member configured to detect incident x-ray/gamma ray wavelength photons, a position for a body under test (2), an x-ray or gamma ray source (1), and a structure configured to perturb the energy spectrum (6), each lying on a common axis. The source is arranged to direct an x-ray gamma ray energy spectrum along the common axis to impinge upon a structure configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum and a positioned body/object under test. The structure and the position for the body under test lie between the source and the detector member, and the structure includes at least three adjacent regions, each region different to immediately adjacent regions and configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum differently. Detected photons are subject to a random noise reduction algorithm.

An x-ray/gamma ray imaging apparatus includes a pixilated x-ray/gamma ray detector (3) including a member configured to detect incident x-ray/gamma ray wavelength photons, a position for a body under test (2), an x-ray or gamma ray source (1), and a structure configured to perturb the energy spectrum (6), each lying on a common axis. The source is arranged to direct an x-ray gamma ray energy spectrum along the common axis to impinge upon a structure configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum and a positioned body/object under test. The structure and the position for the body under test lie between the source and the detector member, and the structure includes at least three adjacent regions, each region different to immediately adjacent regions and configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum differently. Detected photons are subject to a random noise reduction algorithm.