The disclosure provides an electronic control apparatus including a printed circuit board with a first surface side and a second surface side and with at least one electronic component that is arranged on at least one of the surface sides of the printed circuit board. At least one heat sink is arranged on the printed circuit board on the opposite surface side from the electronic component for the purpose of heat dissipation. The printed circuit board with the electronic component and the heat sink are surrounded by a casing made from a thermosetting plastic material such that at least one outer side of the heat sink is free of thermosetting plastic material.

A circuit board with improved heat dissipation function and a method for manufacturing the circuit board are provided. The method includes providing a first metal layer defining a first slot; forming a first adhesive layer in the first slot; electroplating copper on each first pillar to form a first heat conducting portion; forming a first insulating layer on the first adhesive layer having the first heat conducting portion, and defining a first blind hole in the first insulating layer; filling the first blind hole with thermoelectric separation metal to form a second heat conducting portion; forming a first wiring layer on the first insulating layer; forming a second insulating layer on the first wiring layer, defining a second blind hole on the second insulating layer; electroplating copper in the second blind hole to form a third heat conducting portion; mounting an electronic component on the second insulating layer.

Processes for creating a two-dimensional-target structure are disclosed. An example process to create a two-dimensional-target structure may include the process of providing two-dimensional material grown on an initial substrate to create a two-dimensional-substrate structure; applying the two-dimensional-substrate structure to a target substrate via an adhesion promoter to create a lamination stack; applying a lamination process to the lamination stack; and then removing the initial substrate from the lamination stack, post-lamination, to create the two-dimensional-target structure. The two-dimensional-target structure may then be used in such rigid or flexible electronic devices and/or non-standard devices as the target substrate may be rigid or flexible and/or translucent in contrast to the initial substrate first used to grow the two-dimensional material.

A circuit board clamp includes a clamp frame having a first and second frame supports. The clamp frame also includes a top plate arranged between the first and second frame supports. The top plate supports a piston via a threaded fastener engaging a top plate aperture. The piston may be displaced relative to the top plate in accordance with adjustment of the threaded fastener. A pressure plate assembly has a pressure plate and a stem attached to the pressure plate. The stem is positioned within a tubular section of the piston, and the pressure plate is positioned opposite the circuit board from the heat sink. The pressure plate contacts a surface mounted integrated circuit between the circuit board and the pressure plate. A bias member is seated on the bias seat and applies a biasing force on the pressure plate.

A printed circuit board includes a plurality of layers including attachment layers and routing layers; and via patterns formed in the plurality of layers, each of the via patterns including first and second signal vias forming a differential signal pair, the first and second signal vias extending through at least the attachment layers; ground vias extending through at least the attachment layers, the ground vias including ground conductors; and shadow vias located adjacent to each of the first and second signal vias, wherein the shadow vias are free of conductive material in the attachment layers. The printed circuit board may further include slot vias extending through the attachment layers and located between via patterns.

A printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer; a first metal layer disposed on one surface of the first insulating layer; a second metal layer disposed on the other surface facing the one surface of the first insulating layer; a via penetrating through the first insulating layer to connect the first and second metal layers to each other; and a heterogeneous metal region disposed in at least one of an area in which the via is adjacent to the first insulating layer and an area in which the via is adjacent to the first metal layer, and including a material different from that of the via, wherein the heterogeneous metal region includes at least one of nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), and titanium (Ti).

A component carrier with an electrically insulating layer structure has opposed main surfaces, a through-hole, and an electrically conductive bridge structure connecting opposing sidewalls delimiting the through-hole. The sidewalls have a first tapering portion extending from a first main surface and a second tapering portion extending from a second main surface. A first demarcation surface faces the first main surface and a second demarcation surface faces the second main surface. A central bridge plane extends parallel to the first main surface and the second main surface and is at a vertical center between a lowermost point of the first demarcation surface and an uppermost point of the second demarcation surface. A first intersection point is between the central bridge plane and one of the sidewalls delimiting the through hole. A length of a shortest distance from the first intersection point to the first demarcation surface is at least 8 μm.

Provided is a method for manufacturing an LCP film for a circuit substrate capable of achieving an LCP film for a circuit substrate having a low coefficient of linear thermal expansion and excellent dimensional stability, without excessively impairing excellent basic performance possessed by the liquid crystal polyester, such as mechanical characteristics, electrical characteristics, and heat resistance. The method for manufacturing an LCP film for a circuit substrate at least comprising: a composition provision step of providing an LCP resin composition at least containing 100 parts by mass of a liquid crystal polyester and 1 to 20 parts by mass of a polyarylate; a film forming step of T-die melt-extruding the LCP resin composition to form a T-die melt-extruded LCP film having a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (α2) in a TD direction of 50 ppm/K or more; and a pressurizing and heating step of subjecting the T-die melt-extruded LCP film to pressure and heat treatment to obtain an LCP film for a circuit substrate having a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (α2) in the TD direction of 16.8±12 ppm/K.

A resin multilayer substrate includes a multilayer body including resin base-material layers laminated in a thickness direction and a circuit conductor therein, an end-surface ground conductor provided directly on each end surface of the multilayer body in the thickness direction, an adhesion layer on a side surface of the multilayer body, and a side-surface ground conductor on the adhesion layer. The end-surface and side-surface ground conductors are made of a ground conductor material with a coefficient of thermal expansion whose difference from a coefficient of thermal expansion of the resin base-material layers in a plane direction is smaller than a difference from a coefficient of thermal expansion of the resin base-material layers in the thickness direction. The adhesion layer is made of a material with higher adhesiveness to the side surface of the multilayer body than adhesiveness of the ground conductor material.

One aspect provides a printed circuit board (PCB). The PCB includes a transmission line to transmit signals of a desired frequency, a first stub coupled to the transmission line at a first location, and a second stub coupled to the transmission line at a second location. The first stub is to filter out signals of a first frequency, the second stub is to filter out signals of a second frequency, and the first and second stubs are positioned such that an insertion loss of the transmitted signals of the desired frequency is substantially minimized.