An osmium-containing conjugated polymer and methods thereof. A structural formula of the osmium-containing conjugated polymer is formula I, a reaction formula of the osmium-containing conjugated polymer is a formula II.

The present disclosure is directed to photovoltaic junctions and methods for producing the same. Embodiments of the disclosure may be incorporated in various devices for applications such as solar cells and light detectors and may demonstrate advantages compared to standard materials used for photovoltaic junctions such as silica. An example embodiment of the disclosure includes a photovoltaic junction, the junction including a light absorbing material, an electron acceptor for shuttling electrons, and a metallic contact. In general, embodiments of the disclosure as disclosed herein include photovoltaic junctions which provide absorption across one or more wavelengths in the range from about 200 nm to about 1000 nm, or from near IR (NIR) to ultra-violet (UV). Generally, these embodiments include a multi-layered light absorbing material that can be formed from quantum dots that are successively deposited on the surface of an electron acceptor (e.g., a semiconductor).

The present invention relates to a novel polymer and an organic electronic device using same. In the polymer according to the present invention, a cyclic electron-donor, including thiophene, selenophene, or a combination thereof, is introduced into a central skeleton having an A-D-A structure including an electron-donor and electron-acceptor unit. Thus, the polymer has not only excellent chemical and thermal stability, but also good crystallinity. Moreover, intermolecular stacking is possible, and thus charge mobility can be maximized.

A camera system includes a light source having a peak emission wavelength at room temperature in a near-infrared region, and an imaging device including a photoelectric conversion element that converts near-infrared light into an electric charge. An external quantum efficiency of the photoelectric conversion element has a first peak at a first wavelength longer than the peak emission wavelength, and the external quantum efficiency at the first wavelength is higher than the external quantum efficiency at the peak emission wavelength.

Articles are described including a substrate and a copper halide layer on the substrate, where the interfacial free energy between the substrate and the copper halide layer allows the copper halide layer to form continuously, wherein the copper halide layer conforms to the shape of the substrate. The articles may further include an adhesion layer disposed in-between the substrate and the copper halide layer, where the surface free energy between the adhesion layer and the copper halide layer allows the copper halide layer to form continuously, wherein the copper halide layer or the adhesion layer conform to the shape of the substrate. Also described are methods of forming an article using chemical vapor deposition.

An objective of the disclosure is to provide an organic light-emitting composite material based on an exciplex, which, when used as a light-emitting layer, can enhance the efficiency of an organic electroluminescent device. The disclosure also relates to an organic light-emitting device comprising the organic light-emitting composite material, and use of the organic light-emitting composite material of the disclosure for an organic electron device.

A method of combining different materials to produce the comonomer

##STR00001##

wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, H, and combinations thereof and wherein R.sub.1 is independently selected from unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms and unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

A fused polycyclic aromatic compound represented by formula (1) is provided. In formula (1), one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a substituent group represented by general formula (2). In formula (2), n is from 0 to 2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a divalent linking group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or a divalent linking group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a 6-membered or more heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, with a plurality of R.sub.4 groups able to be the same as or different from each other when n is 2, and R.sub.5 represents a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a 6-membered or more heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

##STR00001##

##STR00002##

Disclosed is a preparation method for crosslinked nanoparticle film. The preparation method comprises: dispersing nanoparticles in a solvent and uniformly mixing same, so as to obtain a nanoparticle solution; and using the nanoparticle solution to prepare a nanoparticle thin film by means of a solution method, and introducing a gas combination to promote a crosslinking reaction, so as to obtain a crosslinked nanoparticle thin film. By introducing a gas combination during film formation of nanoparticles, the present disclosure promotes the crosslinking among particles, and thus increases the electrical coupling among particles, lowers the potential barrier of carrier transmission, and increases the carrier mobility, thereby greatly improving the electrical properties of the thin film.

A Concentrating PhotoVoltaic (CPV) system employs an inflatable non-imaging CPC concentrator to concentrate sunlight to realize extremely low cost and a synergistically combined photonic crystal waveguide solar spectrum splitter and perovskite integrated circuitry solar cell package to realize ultra-high conversion efficiency of solar radiation. The corporation of band gap variable perovskite materials into the integrated circuit solar cell not only reduces the cost and raises the efficiency of the photovoltaic package as the receiver, but also addresses the unstable issue of the perovskite materials through sealing the perovskite materials into package to prevent moisture, reducing the heat generation to low the temperature, and filtering the UV light and channel to other elemental solar made of broader band gap photovoltaic materials.