Disclosed is a light-emitting element including a first electrode, a first light-emitting layer, an ionic-liquid layer, a second light-emitting layer, and a second electrode. The first light-emitting layer is located over the first electrode and includes a first emissive polymer and an ionic liquid. The ionic-liquid layer is located over the first light-emitting layer and includes an ionic liquid. The second light-emitting layer is located over the ionic-liquid layer and includes a second emissive polymer and an ionic liquid. The second electrode is located over the second light-emitting layer. The light-emitting element may further include a first substrate under the first electrode, a second substrate over the second electrode, and a sealing layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate and surrounding the first electrode.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a desiccant that can be used for passivation of an electronic device such as an organic electroluminescence element against moisture permeation, as well as an organic thin film including the desiccant, an organic layered film in which the organic thin film is layered, and an electronic device that is provided therewith. This desiccant is characterized by including a compound that emits a hydrophobic substance by absorbing water. This organic thin film is characterized by including this desiccant.

A display apparatus includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels, and a current limiting circuit that limits current consumption in the plurality of pixels, the current limiting circuit includes a gain computation circuit that computes a screen power value in reference to a pixel value included in a video signal and that determines a gain in reference to the screen power value, and a gain multiplication circuit that multiplies the pixel value by the gain and that outputs a limit signal including the pixel value multiplied by the gain, the display panel includes a display unit, and a lighting control circuit that controls a lighting state of the plurality of pixels in reference to a predicted power value computed according to the limit signal, to reduce a power consumption value in the plurality of pixels to a value equal to or smaller than a control target power value, the gain is 1 when the screen power value is equal to or smaller than the control target power value, and the gain is a value equal to or smaller than a value obtained by dividing the control target power value by the screen power value, in other cases.

The present specification relates to a compound of Formula 1, a coating composition including the compound, an organic light emitting device formed by using the coating composition, and a manufacturing method thereof.

A composite material with a low refractive index that can be used for a light-emitting device, a light-receiving device, a light-emitting and light-receiving device, and the like is provided. The composite material includes a first organic compound and a second organic compound, the proportion of carbon atoms forming bonds by the sp.sup.3 hybrid orbitals in the total number of carbon atoms of the first organic compound is greater than or equal to 23% and less than or equal to 55%, and the second organic compound contains fluorine. Alternatively, an optical device including an anode, a cathode, and a first layer, in which the composite material is included in the first layer, is provided.

A display apparatus includes: a display including a display surface on which an image is displayed; and a decorative layer that is arranged on the display surface side of the display and includes a base layer and a design layer each formed to cover the display surface. The base layer includes a light diffusing material. A plurality of microholes are formed through the base layer. The design layer is formed to cover the plurality of microholes and a non-opening portion of the base layer.

An organic light emitting device having a light emitting layer that contains first to fourth organic compounds satisfying the following formulae has a long emission lifetime and is stable. The second organic compound is a delayed fluorescent material, and the amount of light emission from the fourth organic compound is the maximum. E.sub.S1 is a lowest excited singlet energy, E.sub.T1 is a lowest excited triplet energy. E.sub.S1(1)>E.sub.S1(4)>E.sub.S1(2)>E.sub.S1(3), E.sub.T1(1)>E.sub.T1(2)>E.sub.T1(3)>E.sub.T1(4).

A light-emitting element (10) includes: a light-emitting part (30) including a light-emitting region; a first optical path control unit (71) which has positive optical power and to which light emitted from the light-emitting region enters; a second optical path control unit (72) which has positive optical power and to which light exited from the first optical path control unit (71) enters; and a bonding member (35) interposed between the first optical path control unit (71) and the second optical path control unit (72), in which an optical axis (LN.sub.1) of the first optical path control unit (71) is displaced from an optical axis (LN.sub.2) of the second optical path control unit (72).

The present invention provides a polarizing plate that exhibits excellent black tightness in a front direction even after an organic EL display device obtained by bonding the polarizing plate to an organic EL display panel is exposed to a high temperature environment for a long period of time; and an organic EL display device. The polarizing plate of the present invention is a polarizing plate having a polarizer formed of a composition containing a first liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, and an optically anisotropic layer disposed adjacent to the polarizer and formed of a composition containing a second liquid crystal compound, in which a content of the dichroic substance in the polarizer is 40% by mass or less with respect to a total mass of the polarizer.

An organic light emitting display device is discussed, which includes an anode on a substrate, a first hole transfer layer on the anode, a first emission layer on the first hole transfer layer, a first electron transfer layer on the first emission layer, an N-type charge generation layer on the first electron transfer layer, a second hole transfer layer on the N-type charge generation layer, a first emission control layer on the second hole transfer layer, an absolute value of a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first emission control layer being greater than an absolute value of a HOMO energy level of the second hole transfer layer, a second emission layer on the first emission control layer, a second electron transfer layer on the second emission layer and a cathode on the second electron transfer layer.