A method for producing an ultra-stable and enhanced solid wood flooring for under-floor heating via surface compression technique includes: subjecting, while subjecting a solid wood to surface compression and enhancement, the solid wood to primary stabilization treatment by controlling a temperature of a hot pressing plate to obtain a compressed enhanced solid wood; putting the compressed enhanced solid wood into a heat treatment tank; and subjecting the compressed enhanced solid wood to secondary stabilization treatment by controlling a pressure and a temperature of steam or air in the heat treatment tank and a treatment time to obtain a finished product. The ultra-stable surface-compressed enhanced solid wood flooring produced by the method features high dimensional stability, low set-recovery after water absorption, and desired moisture and heat resistance.

The disclosure provides a water heater. The water heater includes a water heater main body portion including a heat exchanger and a combustion device; a fan and a motor for driving the fan; an exterior case; and an air supply adapter mounted to an upper wall portion of the exterior case. The combustion device and the motor are positioned in a region near an upper portion within the exterior case. The combustion device is at least partly positioned between the air supply adapter and the fan in a plan view. An air outlet of the air supply adapter opens substantially horizontally, avoiding a direction directly facing the motor. The air flowing out from the air outlet is changed in direction by a side wall portion of the exterior case and flows to reach a portion of the motor.

A universal membrane is configured to be installed between a subfloor and floor tiles to allow movement of the floor tiles relative to the subfloor. The universal membrane includes a base layer, a plurality of studs projecting from the base layer, and a plurality of sidewalls projecting from the base layer and disposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of studs. Each sidewall of the plurality of sidewalls forming a perimeter of a pocket. The base layer forms a bottom wall of the pocket.

The present invention relates to a heating device for an aircraft interior. The heating device has a mechanically loadable support structure, a mechanically loadable and thermally conductive outer structure, and a heater for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, wherein the heater is arranged between the support structure and the outer structure and has a heating layer composed of a resistance material with a positive temperature coefficient.

A heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes arranged in a juxtaposed configuration, and at least one first manifold member on the outside of the tubes. Each tube is wound to define a planar spiral, having a plurality of co-planar turns, and has an end portion, which extends starting from the inside of the corresponding planar spiral towards the outside thereof. The end portion is superimposed on the co-planar turns, in a position corresponding to a major face of the planar spiral, for connection to the manifold member. tube has a transverse depression defined in the co-planar turns at the major face of the planar spiral, and the transverse depression at least partially receives a a corresponding part of the end portion.

A method of making an electrocaloric element includes providing an electrocaloric material, forming a first electrode at a first surface of the electrocaloric material, and forming a second electrode at a second surface of the electrocaloric material. The forming of the first electrode includes, or the forming of the second electrode includes, or the forming of each of the first and second electrodes independently includes modifying the respective first and/or second surface of the electrocaloric material with an electrically conductive surface modification.

A method for controlling a gas furnace that performs a heating operation by receiving a first heating signal; calculating a certain heating capacity smaller than a maximum heating capacity of the gas furnace, according to the first heating signal; and operating a heating of the gas furnace with the calculated certain heating capacity. The calculating of the certain heating capacity includes calculating the certain heating capacity according to a difference between an intake air temperature sucked into the gas furnace and a reference temperature.

A device including a bottom electrode on a substrate and a top electrode on a substrate separated by a fixed distance from each other. Semi-insulator layers with proper electrical conductivity are attached to the bottom and top electrodes. Disposed between the substrates is a flexible S-shaped polymer stack having electrode layers with one end of the stack attached to the top substrate and the other end in contact with the bottom substrate. When a voltage is applied between the stack and the electrode layer on the bottom substrate, the stack is induced by electrostatic force to deflect in a rolling wave-like motion. While the voltage applied between the stack and bottom electrode is turned off, the static charges on the semi-insulator layer can move away quickly due to the proper electrical conductivity of the semi-insulator layer.

A solid state cooler device is disclosed that comprises a first normal metal pad, a first aluminum layer and a second aluminum layer disposed on the first normal metal pad and separated from one another by a gap, a first aluminum oxide layer formed on the first aluminum layer, and a second aluminum oxide layer formed on the second aluminum layer, and a first superconductor pad disposed on the first aluminum oxide layer and a second superconductor pad disposed on the second aluminum oxide layer. The device further comprises a first conductive pad coupled to the first superconductor pad, and a second conductive pad coupled to the second superconductor pad, wherein hot electrons are removed from the first normal metal pad when a bias voltage is applied between the first conductive pad and the second conductive pad.

According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of blow through direct fired heaters including evaporator coils and/or energy recovery ventilation.