Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

An integrated system for carbon dioxide capture includes a steam methane reformer and a CO.sub.2 pump that comprises an anode and a cathode. The cathode is configured to output a first exhaust stream including oxygen and carbon dioxide and the anode is configured to receive a reformed gas from the steam methane reformer and to output a second exhaust stream that includes greater than 95% hydrogen.

A method and apparatus for producing carbon monoxide, wherein the carbon monoxide is formed from a gaseous feed which includes at least carbon dioxide. The method includes supplying oxygen to a carbon dioxide stream for forming a carbon dioxide based mixture, supplying the carbon dioxide based mixture to a hydrogen based stream to form the gaseous feed, supplying a hydrocarbon containing stream to the hydrogen based stream before the supply of the carbon dioxide based mixture, feeding the gaseous feed into a reactor which includes at least one catalyst, treating the gaseous feed by partial oxidation in the reactor so that carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen in the reactor in presence of oxygen and heat is formed during the reaction, and recovering a product composition including at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the reactor.

Systems and methods for generating power using hydrogen fuel, such as derived from natural gas, are provided. Feed materials are introduced into a compact hydrogen generator to produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas and steam. Sorbent material within the compact hydrogen generator acts to absorb carbon dioxide, forming a used sorbent. Hydrogen gas and steam are separated from the used sorbent and passed to a power generator such as a hydrogen turbine to produce power. The used sorbent is introduced into a calciner and heated to desorb carbon dioxide and form a regenerated sorbent which can be recycled to the compact hydrogen generator.

The present invention relates broadly to a renewable methane production module (10). The production module (10) generally comprises: 1. a water capture generator 12 designed for directly capturing water from atmosphere to provide water in a liquid form at (14); 2. an electrolyser (16) operatively coupled to the water capture generator (12) for electrolysis of the liquid water to produce hydrogen at (18); 3. a reactor (20) operatively coupled to the electrolyser (16) for reacting the hydrogen with carbon dioxide at (22) to produce renewable methane at (24).

Systems and methods are provided for improving the integration of fluidized coking systems that include an associated gasifier with other refinery and/or chemical plant processes. The improved integration can be based on one or more types of integration improvements. In some aspects, the integration can allow for improved carbon capture. In other aspects, the integration can allow for production of higher quality synthesis gas, which can then facilitate production of various chemicals, such as ammonia or urea. In still other aspects, the integration can allow for incorporation of H.sub.2S generated during the fluidized coking and gasification into a fertilizer product. In yet other aspects, the integration can allow the fluidized coking system to continue to operate even when the associated refinery and/or chemicals production processes are off-line. In still other aspects, the integration can allow two or more of the above integration advantages, or three or more, such as up to all of the above integration advantages.

A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased.

The invention relates to a plant for generating negative emissions of CO.sub.2. The plant 100 comprises a gasifier 110, a lime kiln 130, a separator 150, and a CO.sub.2 permanent storage 170. The gasifier is suitable for receiving as input a fuel 111 and for producing as output a high-temperature syngas flow 114. The lime kiln is suitable for receiving as input carbonate mineral 131 and the high-temperature syngas flow, the lime kiln being further suitable for producing an oxide 134 and for releasing as output a flow of syngas 133 enriched with CO.sub.2. The separator is suitable for receiving as input a gas flow containing CO.sub.2 and for treating it so as to separately provide at least CO.sub.2 151. The CO.sub.2 permanent storage is suitable for enclosing along time the CO.sub.2. The invention also relates to a method for generating negative emissions of CO.sub.2.