A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

The problem of providing a metal complex having excellent gas adsorption performance, gas storage performance, and gas separation performance is solved by a metal complex comprising a dicarboxylic acid compound (I) including 20 to 99 mole % of a dicarboxylic acid compound (I-1) selected from terephthalic acid derivatives having an electron-donating group in the 2nd position such as 2-methoxyterephthalic acid, 2-methylterephthalic acid, and terephthalic acid, and 80 to 1 mole % of a dicarboxylic acid compound (I-2) selected from terephthalic acid derivatives having an electron-withdrawing group in the 2nd position such as 2-nitroterephthalic acid, 2-fluoroterephthalic acid, 2-chloroterephthalic acid, 2-bromoterephthalic acid, and 2-iodoterephthalic acid; at least one kind of metal ion selected from metal ions belonging to Group 2 and Groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table; and an organic ligand capable of bidentate binding to the metal ion.

The invention relates to CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 for catalyzing Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 based chemical-looping reforming of CH.sub.4 with CO.sub.2 (CL-DRM). The reaction performance of all the composite oxygen carriers was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure condition. The influencing factors, including temperature and time-on-stream (TOS) were investigated. The characteristics of the oxygen carriers were checked with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reducibility of the composite materials was elucidated with temperature-programmed reduction by CH.sub.4 (CH.sub.4-TPR). Preliminary experimental observations suggest that the simultaneous presence of CeO.sub.2 and La.sub.2O.sub.3 can not only enhance the reactivity of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3 toward CH.sub.4 oxidation and its oxygen releasing rate for fast reaction kinetics, but also improve the reactivity of its reduced form toward CO.sub.2 splitting.

A zero-emission, closed-loop and hybrid solar-produced syngas power cycle is introduced utilizing an oxygen transport reactor (OTR). The fuel is syngas produced within the cycle. The separated oxygen inside the OTR through the ion transport membrane (ITM) is used in the syngas-oxygen combustion process in the permeate side of the OTR. The combustion products in the permeate side of the OTR are CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O. The combustion gases are used in a turbine for power production and energy utilization then a condenser is used to separate H.sub.2O from CO.sub.2. CO.sub.2 is compressed to the feed side of the OTR. H.sub.2O is evaporated after separation from CO.sub.2 and fed to the feed side of the OTR.

A substantially linear ceramic or metallic radiant of ellipsoidal or polygonal cross section is placed proximate furnace tubes or coils in the radiant section of a fired heater to increase the radiant heat directed to the surface of the tubes or coils.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. The molten carbonate fuel cells can be integrated with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process in various manners, including providing synthesis gas for use in producing hydrocarbonaceous carbons. Additionally, integration of molten carbonate fuel cells with a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process can facilitate further processing of vent streams or secondary product streams generated during the synthesis process.

A method and apparatus for dehydrating bio-1-alcohols to bio-1-alkenes with high selectivity. The bio-1-alkenes are useful in preparing high flashpoint diesel and jet biofuels which are useful to civilian and military applications. Furthermore, the bio-1-alkenes may be converted to biolubricants useful in the transporation sector and other areas requiring high purity/thermally stable lubricants.

A method for conversion of greenhouse gases comprises: introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of carbon dioxide into a reaction vessel; introducing a flow of a dehumidified gaseous source of methane into the reaction vessel; and irradiating catalytic material in the reaction vessel with microwave energy. The irradiated catalytic material is heated and catalyzes an endothermic reaction of carbon dioxide and methane that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At least a portion of heat required to maintain a temperature within the reaction vessel is supplied by the microwave energy. If desired, a mixture that includes carbon monoxide and hydrogen can flow out of the reaction vessel and be introduced into a second reaction vessel to undergo catalyzed reactions producing multiple-carbon reaction products.