The present invention is based upon the identification of a number of antigens derived from species of the genus Teladorsagia, which can be used to raise immune responses in animals—particularly those animals susceptible or predisposed to infection by (or with) one or more Teladorsagia species. The antigens may be exploited to provide compositions and vaccines for raising protective immune responses in animals—the protective immune responses serving to reduce, prevent, treat or eliminate Teladorsagia infections/infestations.

The present invention relates to Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) that are recombinant chimeric proteins able to redirect immune cell specificity and reactivity toward CLL1 positive cells. The engineered immune cells endowed with such CARs are particularly suited for immunotherapy for treating cancer, in particular leukemia.

Autologous anti-cancer vaccines and methods of manufacture and treatment are provided, including expansion of individual patient-derived tumor cells in an immune-compromised animal(s) to attain, quantitatively and qualitatively, sufficient material for efficacious vaccine production and utilization, to elicit an immune response against micrometastases and/or recurrence in the individual patient following tumor excision.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

Compositions for coating microneedles with aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines are provided comprising an aluminum-containing wet gel suspension selected from aluminum hydroxide wet gel suspension and aluminum phosphate wet gel suspension; a vaccine in an amount effective to stimulate an immune response in a mammal; a sugar, sugar alcohol, or combinations thereof; and a thickener. Some embodiments of the compositions have a viscosity of 500 to 30,000 cps when measured at 100 s.sup.−1 and temperature of 25 C. Microneedle devices coated with the compositions, as well as methods of forming the compositions and coating the microneedles, and methods of maximizing the aluminum content of vaccine-coated microneedle arrays are also provided.

The present invention relates to novel liquid pharmaceutical compositions of adalimumab, which include adalimumab or a biosimilar thereof, an acetate buffering agent/system such as sodium acetate/acetic acid, and a sugar stabiliser such as trehalose. Such a combination of components furnishes formulations having a stability (e.g. on storage and when exposed to stress) which is comparable to or an improvement upon those known in the art, and with fewer ingredients. Such advances will help adalimumab treatments to become more widely available at lower cost, and prolong the viability of pre-loaded delivery devices (e.g. pre-filled syringes) to reduce unnecessary waste of the drug.

The present invention provides in certain embodiments conjugates comprising at least one CD200 inhibitor and an adjuvant, and methods of reversing or modulating immune suppression in a patient having a disease or disorder arising from abnormal cell growth, function or behavior, which method comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a composition comprising a CD200 inhibitor and an adjuvant.

The present invention discloses a method and its variations for simultaneous detection of antibodies against two or more antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and determination of approximate time (duration) post HIV infection, thereby confirming the infection, and determination of recency of an HIV infection. The number of individuals with recently infected HIV in a given period may be further used to estimate incidence of HIV in a population.

The present invention relates to a method of using a receptor (e.g., chimeric antigen receptor—CAR) that activates an immune response upon binding a cancer cell ligand in conjunction with a target-binding molecule that targets a protein or molecule CI for removal or neutralization to generate enhanced anti-cancer immune cells. The present invention also relates to engineered immune cells having enhanced therapeutic efficacy and uses thereof.

A composition in a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion is disclosed. The composition comprises: (a) a continuous aqueous phase, comprising H.sub.2O; (b) an oil phase or an oil shell, dispersed in the continuous aqueous phase; and (c) a hydrophilic polymer, stabilizing an interface between the continuous aqueous phase and the oil phase or the oil shell to form the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion. The oil phase or the oil shell comprises: (i) oil; (ii) an internal aqueous phase, dispersed within the oil or the oil shell; and (iii) a lipophilic sorbitan-polyester conjugate, stabilizing an interface between the oil and the inner aqueous phase to form a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The lipophilic sorbitan-polyester conjugate comprises: (1) sorbitan; and (2) poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) or polylactic acid (polylactide), conjugated to the sorbitan.