Disclosed are methods of delivering a therapeutic to a target site of a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic from lipid capsule at the target site of the subject. Disclosed are methods of increasing target site specific release of a therapeutic agent in a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site of the subject, thereby increasing the target site specific release of the therapeutic agent. Disclosed are methods of treating comprise administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject in need thereof, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject in need thereof, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site of the subject in need thereof. Disclosed are methods of killing a cell comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field for a period of time, to the target site, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site, wherein the target site comprises a cell, wherein the therapeutic kills the cell.

The syntheses of two phosphoramidite building blocks based on BNSF and BNSMB structures are disclosed. Furthermore, some common molecular intermediates have been designed and linked to the central biphenyl core of the two molecules, resulting in a versatile and cost-effective design. These compounds can be effectively introduced to DNA oligonucleotides via the well-established standard cyanoethylphosphoramidite chemistry on the nucleic acid synthesizer. Fragmentation of these BNSF- and BNSMB-functionalized DNA strands is achieved by both one-photon and two-photon photolysis of photoliable bonds of [2-(2-nitrophenyl)propoxy]carbonyl groups on BNSF and BNSMB molecules respectively, resulting in two short pieces of single-stranded DNAs. The versatile design and facile synthesis of these two-photon photocleavage phosphoramidite molecules are beneficial to synthetic chemists and photochemists for the development of new caged compounds which enables to introduce into oligonucleotides as light-triggered carriers via solid-phase synthesis for a wide range of applications in materials science, polymer, chemistry, biology and DNA nanoecthnology.

The present invention is directed to the use of gold nanoparticles to enable vision in the visually impaired. Retinal neurons remain functional despite photoreceptor degeneration. These neurons can be made light-sensitive to produce action potentials, by gold nanoparticles conjugated to high-avidity ligands for a variety of cellular targets. Once bound to a neuron, these particles transduce millisecond pulses of light into heat, which changes membrane capacitance, depolarizing the cell and eliciting action potentials. The technology described herein along with a camera and decoder can be used to aid the visually impaired by stimulating cells to send the appropriate messages to the visual cortex.

The present invention is directed to the use of gold nanoparticles to enable vision in the visually impaired. Retinal neurons remain functional despite photoreceptor degeneration. These neurons can be made light-sensitive to produce action potentials, by gold nanoparticles conjugated to high-avidity ligands for a variety of cellular targets. Once bound to a neuron, these particles transduce millisecond pulses of light into heat, which changes membrane capacitance, depolarizing the cell and eliciting action potentials. The technology described herein along with a camera and decoder can be used to aid the visually impaired by stimulating cells to send the appropriate messages to the visual cortex.

The present invention provides a photosensitising composition comprising a mixture of: at least one surfactant; at least one alcohol; and/or water, with the proviso that when the at least one surfactant is an alcohol, it is different from the at least one alcohol. In particular, the composition may comprise a mixture of glycerol, ethanol and water. Alternatively, the composition may comprise a mixture of polyethylene glycol, ethanol and water. The photosensitising composition may further comprise at least one photosensitising compound. The present invention also provides a method of treating and/or preventing conditions caused by microorganisms in a subject.

Cancer treatment methods using thermotherapy and/or enhanced immunotherapy are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method comprising the steps of: (i) applying controlled thermal energy at 40-43° C. for a first predetermined time period to damage and weaken tumor cells of a tumor in a patient; (ii) administering pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) in a first ultrasound mode to the tumor cells in the patient so as to damage the tumor cells without increasing the thermal energy; and (iii) administering low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) in a second ultrasound mode to further damage the tumor cells at a temperature of 39-43° C. for a second predetermined time period while performing observation of the tumor cells by ultrasonic thermometry.

The present invention relates to metal complexes bearing at least one (E-E′)-4,4′-bisstyryl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand (LIG1) of the following formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these complexes and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The present invention also relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof as drug and as photosensitizer agent in photodynamic therapy. The present invention relates to methods of preparation of said complexes.

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The present invention relates to a composition and a kit of parts for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and uses of the same, the composition comprising (a) hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide and/or sodium hypochlorite and (b) at least one photosensitizer capable of being activated by light emitted in the blue spectrum, in particular curcumin, riboflavin and erythrosine.

An electrochemical catch-release system (1) for repeated use comprising pH-responsive polymers (2) covalently linked to a structure (3) via a monolayer (4) of eletrochemically insensitive aryl bonds, forming a polyelectrolyte arrangement (5), the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5) being arranged to, when the covalently bounded polymers (2) are in a neutral state, catch an entity (6) being a protein, a vesicle, or a compound modified with poly(ethylene glycol) by non-electrostatic interactions e.g. hydrogen bonds, and when the polymers (2) are in a charged state, release by electrostatic repulsion an entity (6) captured by the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5). The system also comprising a device (7) for applying an electrochemical potential to the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5) to induce a switch of the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5) from the neutral state to the charged state or the reverse in the presence of redox active species.

An electrochemical catch-release system (1) for repeated use comprising pH-responsive polymers (2) covalently linked to a structure (3) via a monolayer (4) of eletrochemically insensitive aryl bonds, forming a polyelectrolyte arrangement (5), the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5) being arranged to, when the covalently bounded polymers (2) are in a neutral state, catch an entity (6) being a protein, a vesicle, or a compound modified with poly(ethylene glycol) by non-electrostatic interactions e.g. hydrogen bonds, and when the polymers (2) are in a charged state, release by electrostatic repulsion an entity (6) captured by the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5). The system also comprising a device (7) for applying an electrochemical potential to the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5) to induce a switch of the polyelectrolyte arrangement (5) from the neutral state to the charged state or the reverse in the presence of redox active species.