The invention relates to the field of inorganic chemistry and presents a new class of acids and their salts, in particular, a class of halogenoid acids with a general formula H.sub.mXO.sub.(v+mn)/2Ha.sub.n, where X is a non-metal of group 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table of elements, V is its valence m the compound, Ha is a halogen, which may find application in chemical treatment of materials, as a part of fertilizers or insecticides in agriculture, in medicine, etc. In particular, the object of the invention is a fluoro-nitric acid of the formula H.sub.2NO.sub.3F with the structural formula

##STR00001##

In particular, the object of the invention is a chloro-nitric acid of the formula H.sub.2NO.sub.3Cl with the structural formula

##STR00002##

In particular, the object of the invention is a sulfuro-chlorous acid of the formula H.sub.2SO.sub.3Cl.sub.2 with the structural formula

##STR00003##

The invention relates to a method for treating an aqueous suspension of solid particles, wherein at least one water-soluble polymer is added to the suspension, and wherein said polymer is obtained by polymerizing at least a non-ionic monomer, optionally at least one anionic and/or at least one cationic monomer, in the presence of a multifunctional free radical transfer agent. This method is particularly useful for the treatment of mineral tailings and especially for tailings resulting from oil sand extraction.

The invention relates to a method for treating an aqueous suspension of solid particles, wherein at least one water-soluble polymer is added to the suspension, and wherein said polymer is obtained by polymerizing at least a non-ionic monomer, optionally at least one anionic and/or at least one cationic monomer, in the presence of a multifunctional free radical transfer agent. This method is particularly useful for the treatment of mineral tailings and especially for tailings resulting from oil sand extraction.

The present invention provides a transparent electroconductive layer-equipped cover element having a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet preliminarily laminated thereto, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in which a refractive index adjustment zone having a refractive index greater than that of a base pressure-sensitive adhesive material thereof is formed over a given range from a surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in a thickness direction thereof, whereby: in a lamination process of a customer which is a supply destination of the transparent electroconductive layer-equipped cover element, it becomes possible to eliminate a need to distinguish between obverse and reverse sides of the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet itself; and, when the transparent electroconductive layer-equipped cover element is bonded to an optical element through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, it becomes possible to suppress internal reflection in a laminate formed of these optical elements.

A method of making a proppant-gel matrix comprising: a) hydrating a gelling agent to form a hydrated gelling agent; b) adding a basic compound to the hydrated gelling agent to form a basic hydrated gelling agent having a pH in the range of 11.5 to 14.0; c) mixing the basic hydrated gelling agent and a proppant to form a basic hydrated gelling system; and d) adding a crosslinking agent to the basic hydrated gelling system to form the proppant-gel matrix, is disclosed. The proppant-gel matrix can then be used as a fracturing fluid in a hydraulic fracturing process.

The present invention relates to a method for chlorination and dehydrogenation of ethane, comprising: mixing and reacting a low-melting-point metal chloride with C.sub.2H.sub.6, such that the low-melting-point metal chloride is reduced to a liquid-state low-melting-point metal, and the C.sub.2H.sub.6 is chlorinated and dehydrogenized to give a mixed gas containing HCl, C.sub.2H.sub.6, C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.2 and C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl. In the method, the low-melting-point metal chloride is used as a raw material for chlorination and dehydrogenation, and the low-melting-point metal produced after the reaction is used as an intermediate medium. The method has the characteristics of simple process, low cost and high yield. Moreover, some acetylene and vinyl chloride can be produced as by-products at the same time when the ethylene is produced, by controlling the ratio of ethane to the chloride as desired in production.

The present invention relates to a method for chlorination and dehydrogenation of ethane, comprising: mixing and reacting a low-melting-point metal chloride with C.sub.2H.sub.6, such that the low-melting-point metal chloride is reduced to a liquid-state low-melting-point metal, and the C.sub.2H.sub.6 is chlorinated and dehydrogenized to give a mixed gas containing HCl, C.sub.2H.sub.6, C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.2 and C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl. In the method, the low-melting-point metal chloride is used as a raw material for chlorination and dehydrogenation, and the low-melting-point metal produced after the reaction is used as an intermediate medium. The method has the characteristics of simple process, low cost and high yield. Moreover, some acetylene and vinyl chloride can be produced as by-products at the same time when the ethylene is produced, by controlling the ratio of ethane to the chloride as desired in production.

A method of producing chlorine dioxide involves generating chlorine dioxide gas by deforming a container body of a chlorine dioxide generator which is deformable in response to application of a force to the container body from outside of the container body. The deforming of the container body causes an enclosure contained in the cylinder body to be broken to bring an aqueous chlorite solution into contact with a solid acidic composition to generate chlorine dioxide gas that is discharged via a gas discharge port of the container body to outside of the container body. The method additionally involves submerging in water at least the gas discharge port of the container body during the generation of the chlorine dioxide gas to dissolve the chlorine dioxide gas discharged via the gas discharge port in the water.

The disclosure provides a water-solvated glass/amorphous solid that is an ionic conductor-an electronic insulator, and a dielectric as well as electrochemical devices and processes that use this material, such as batteries, including rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, electrolysis cells, and electronic devices. The electrochemical devices and products use a combination of ionic and electronic conduction as well as internal electric dipoles.

The disclosure provides a water-solvated glass/amorphous solid that is an ionic conductor-an electronic insulator, and a dielectric as well as electrochemical devices and processes that use this material, such as batteries, including rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, electrolysis cells, and electronic devices. The electrochemical devices and products use a combination of ionic and electronic conduction as well as internal electric dipoles.