The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

A method of operating a sequencing batch reactor process includes introducing wastewater to be treated into the sequencing batch reactor and subjecting the wastewater to treatment in the sequencing batch reactor in an aerated anoxic mode in in which a quantity of oxygen is supplied at a level insufficient to meet a biological oxygen demand of the wastewater, but sufficient to cause simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reactions to occur in the wastewater.

An ion removal device based on electrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods, and the application of energy conversion and storage are provided. In the ion removal process based on the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical fluidization battery device, the positive active material in the flow battery is the positive pole of device, the negative active material in the fluid battery is the negative pole of the device, and the salt solution is the electrolyte in the middle stream. The positive and negative active materials include organic materials such as 4-hydroxy-piperidinol oxide, riboflavin sodium phosphate or methyl viologen, which have the advantages of low raw material cost, environmental friendliness, high sustainability, excellent electrochemical performance, high specific capacity and good cycle stability etc. The electrolyte can be separated from the positive and negative active liquid flow materials according to the fixed sequence of self-assembly of fluid battery mold.

A method for generating a maintenance program for the operation of a maintenance system at a bioreactor, in particular a bioreactor of a vehicle for transporting persons, which method comprises at least the following steps, which are executed by an electronic data processing means associated with the maintenance system: acquiring system characteristics data of the maintenance system; acquiring reactor characteristics data of the bioreactor, the reactor characteristics data being received at least in part from a communication interface of the bioreactor; and generating the maintenance program at least on the basis of the system characteristics data and the reactor characteristics data.

A method for treatment of wastewater includes passing influent wastewater through an anaerobic, anoxic, or bioelectrochemical bioreactor to produce an effluent. The membrane bioreactor includes a membrane with pores having a nominal pore size less than the smallest measured biopolymers and organic nanoparticles in the influent wastewater, thereby preventing them from entering and blocking membrane pores, and further comprising degrading dissolved organics smaller than 20 nm in the influent wastewater within the membrane bioreactor before entering membrane pores.

Reactive treatment cells (RTCs) are described in combination with sediment capping systems as a means for environmental remediation. RTCs include an impermeable housing defining an interior, a permeable ceiling and floor typically including filtration materials such as geotextiles, and at least one interior compartment for treatment reagents. One RTC includes a gabion-like cage structure retaining a geomembrane-supported geosynthetic clay liner (GM-GCL) housing, while a second embodiment includes a hard, cylindrical shell as a replaceable reagent cartridge. RTCs may be employed in initial capping system installations or retrofitted into existing capping systems. RTCs may include optional baffles, flow restrictors, floating discs, sensor probes, and two or more serial reagent zones or compartments.

Reactive treatment cells (RTCs) are described in combination with sediment capping systems as a means for environmental remediation. RTCs include an impermeable housing defining an interior, a permeable ceiling and floor typically including filtration materials such as geotextiles, and at least one interior compartment for treatment reagents. One RTC includes a gabion-like cage structure retaining a geomembrane-supported geosynthetic clay liner (GM-GCL) housing, while a second embodiment includes a hard, cylindrical shell as a replaceable reagent cartridge. RTCs may be employed in initial capping system installations or retrofitted into existing capping systems. RTCs may include optional baffles, flow restrictors, floating discs, sensor probes, and two or more serial reagent zones or compartments.

A wastewater treatment system includes two or more wastewater treatment reactors selected from an anoxic wastewater treatment reactor, a flex wastewater treatment reactor, and a hydroponic wastewater treatment reactor in fluid communication with and connecting a wastewater system inlet and a treated wastewater system outlet, each of the anoxic reactor, the flex reactor, or the hydroponic reactor including a reactor inlet for receiving wastewater to be treated and a reactor outlet directing treated wastewater from the anoxic reactor, the flex reactor, or the hydroponic reactor. The system also includes: (i) either but not both of the anoxic reactor or the flex reactor, (ii) a hydroponic reactor if the anoxic reactor is included, and (iii) at least two flex reactors if the hydroponic reactor is absent, and wherein at least one of the flex reactor or the hydroponic reactor includes an intermittent or pulsed aeration device and/or a submerged membrane or submerged root zone that achieves a natural gradient of oxidative states that is similar to oxidative states achieved using the intermittent or pulsed aeration device.

A computer of a microbial community analysis system includes an input unit configured to input a plurality of data groups including information indicating a nucleotide sequence of a gene of each of a plurality of microorganisms included in activated sludge in which a water treatment is performed; a similarity calculating unit configured to calculate a similarity between data groups on the basis of the nucleotide sequences included in the input data groups, and a coordinates calculating unit configured to calculate coordinates in a multidimensional space of each of the data groups on the basis of the calculated similarity.

The invention is directed to a control method for a process to convert bisulphide to elemental sulphur in an aqueous solution comprising sulphide-oxidising bacteria wherein the process is controlled by applying a potential between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode or between the anode electrode and the reference electrode of an electrochemical cell resulting in a current between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, measuring a current as measured by an electrochemical cell and adapting the process in response to the measured current. The process to convert bisulphide may comprise the following steps: (a) contacting bisulphide with oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria in the aqueous solution and elemental sulphur, (b) oxidizing the reduced sulphide-oxidising bacteria, (c) using the oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria obtained in step (b) in step (a) and (d) isolating elemental sulphur from the aqueous solution obtained in step (a) and/or step (b).