Energetic compounds based on bismuth salts with reduced toxicity that are obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with soluble salts of organic or inorganic energetic compounds based on azides, derivatives aromatic nitro compounds or nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, together with the methods for their preparation and application.

Energetic compounds based on bismuth salts with reduced toxicity that are obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with soluble salts of organic or inorganic energetic compounds based on azides, derivatives aromatic nitro compounds or nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, together with the methods for their preparation and application.

According to an aspect, the present embodiments may be associated with a device and method of using an initiator including a body configured for receiving at least one explosive including barium 5-nitriminotetrazolate (BAX). According to a further aspect, the body of the initiator is configured for receiving at least two layers of explosive. In this embodiment, the layers of explosive include a primary explosive of the barium 5-nitriminotetrazolate (BAX) and a secondary explosive includes 2,6-Bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) and/or Hexanitrostilbene (HNS).

According to an aspect, the present embodiments may be associated with a device and method of using an initiator including a body configured for receiving at least one explosive including barium 5-nitriminotetrazolate (BAX). According to a further aspect, the body of the initiator is configured for receiving at least two layers of explosive. In this embodiment, the layers of explosive include a primary explosive of the barium 5-nitriminotetrazolate (BAX) and a secondary explosive includes 2,6-Bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) and/or Hexanitrostilbene (HNS).

A gas generant composition for an automotive inflatable restraint system is provided with a fuel having a thermally stable crystalline hydrate compound with a water release temperature of greater than or equal to about 140 C. The thermally stable crystalline hydrate compound serves as a ballistic modifier, which can serve to increase burn rate, reduce pressure sensitivity, reduce temperature sensitivity, and the like. The thermally stable crystalline hydrate compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a copper phthalate hydrate, copper pyromellitate dihydrate, copper fumarate dihydrate, copper (3-nitrophthalate) dihydrate, and combinations thereof.

A gas generant composition for an automotive inflatable restraint system is provided with a fuel having a thermally stable crystalline hydrate compound with a water release temperature of greater than or equal to about 140 C. The thermally stable crystalline hydrate compound serves as a ballistic modifier, which can serve to increase burn rate, reduce pressure sensitivity, reduce temperature sensitivity, and the like. The thermally stable crystalline hydrate compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a copper phthalate hydrate, copper pyromellitate dihydrate, copper fumarate dihydrate, copper (3-nitrophthalate) dihydrate, and combinations thereof.

A gas generant composition for passive inflatable restraint systems (e.g., airbags) for automobiles is provided that comprises a melamine oxalate compound. The gas generant may be a cool burning gas generant composition that comprises a melamine oxalate compound, a co-fuel, such as guanidine nitrate, and an oxidizer, such as basic copper nitrate. The gas generant composition has advantageous combustion properties, including a maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c) of about 1700 K (1,427 C.), a linear burn rate of about 18 mm per second at a pressure of about 10 megapascals (MPa), a gas yield of the gas generant composition of about 5.7 moles/100 cm.sup.3, and a linear burn rate pressure exponent of about 0.35.

A gas generant composition for passive inflatable restraint systems (e.g., airbags) for automobiles is provided that comprises a melamine oxalate compound. The gas generant may be a cool burning gas generant composition that comprises a melamine oxalate compound, a co-fuel, such as guanidine nitrate, and an oxidizer, such as basic copper nitrate. The gas generant composition has advantageous combustion properties, including a maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c) of about 1700 K (1,427 C.), a linear burn rate of about 18 mm per second at a pressure of about 10 megapascals (MPa), a gas yield of the gas generant composition of about 5.7 moles/100 cm.sup.3, and a linear burn rate pressure exponent of about 0.35.

Cool burning hydrate fuels are provided for gas generant compositions for automotive inflatable restraint systems. The cool burning hydrate fuel is a compound comprising carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a transition metal, and optionally nitrogen. The cool burning hydrate fuel is a transition metal salt of an organic compound or transition metal complex salt having (i) at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of: amide, imide, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and combinations thereof, (ii) an oxygen-to-carbon mole ratio of greater than or equal to about 0.5, (iii) at least one-half a water molecule of hydration, and (iv) an exothermic heat of formation of at least about 400 KJ/mole. The fuel may have a water release temperature of about 140 C. The cool burning hydrate fuel may be one or more of copper cyanurate dihydrate, a copper melamine oxalate dihydrate, and a copper malonate hydrate.

Cool burning hydrate fuels are provided for gas generant compositions for automotive inflatable restraint systems. The cool burning hydrate fuel is a compound comprising carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a transition metal, and optionally nitrogen. The cool burning hydrate fuel is a transition metal salt of an organic compound or transition metal complex salt having (i) at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of: amide, imide, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and combinations thereof, (ii) an oxygen-to-carbon mole ratio of greater than or equal to about 0.5, (iii) at least one-half a water molecule of hydration, and (iv) an exothermic heat of formation of at least about 400 KJ/mole. The fuel may have a water release temperature of about 140 C. The cool burning hydrate fuel may be one or more of copper cyanurate dihydrate, a copper melamine oxalate dihydrate, and a copper malonate hydrate.