The inventive concepts disclosed and/or claimed herein relate generally to catalysts and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a heterogeneous, metal-free hydrogenation catalyst containing frustrated Lewis pairs. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous, metal-free catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having frustrated Lewis pairs therein.

The inventive concepts disclosed and/or claimed herein relate generally to catalysts and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a heterogeneous, metal-free hydrogenation catalyst containing frustrated Lewis pairs. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous, metal-free catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having frustrated Lewis pairs therein.

Provided are L-glufosinate intermediate preparation method or L-glufosinate preparation method, the method, for preparing L-glufosinate intermediate or L-glufosinate from an L-homoserine derivative, comprising a step of preparing a compound of Chemical Formula 2 from a compound of Chemical Formula 1.

Provided are L-glufosinate intermediate preparation method or L-glufosinate preparation method, the method, for preparing L-glufosinate intermediate or L-glufosinate from an L-homoserine derivative, comprising a step of preparing a compound of Chemical Formula 2 from a compound of Chemical Formula 1.

The present disclosure relates to a) crystalline forms of N—((R)-2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzamide; b) pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more crystalline forms of N—((R)-2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzamide, and, optionally, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers; c) methods of treating a tumor a cancer, or a Rasopathy disorder by administering one or more crystalline forms of N—((R)-2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzamide to a subject in need thereof, and methods of producing essentially pure Form IV of N—((R)-2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-benzamide.

The present disclosure relates to an N-(substituted naphthyl-ethyl) substituted amide compound and uses thereof serving as a melatonin receptor agonist and 5-HT.sub.2C receptor antagonist, and specifically relates to the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate or a mixture of them, and a pharmaceutical composition, where X, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are as defined in the present text.

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The present invention generally relates to a process using a mechanochemical approach exploiting the mechanical milling of reactants for the manufacturing of acetyl Iopamidol and, more generally, of key intermediates of radiographic contrast agents, and of the contrast agents themselves.

The present invention provides an ionic liquid composition containing an ionic liquid and water. The ionic liquid composition does not contain an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose. The ionic liquid is represented by the following chemical formula (I): [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2-L-CHNH.sub.2COO].sup. (I); where L is absent or a linker. A molar ratio of [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+ to [NH.sub.2-L-CHNH.sub.2COO].sup. is not less than 0.87 and not more than 1.14. A weight ratio of the water to the ionic liquid composition is not more than 7.3%. The present invention provides an ionic liquid composition capable of dissolving cellulose without a cellulose-degrading enzyme, namely, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose.

The present invention provides an ionic liquid composition containing an ionic liquid and water. The ionic liquid composition does not contain an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose. The ionic liquid is represented by the following chemical formula (I): [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2-L-CHNH.sub.2COO].sup. (I); where L is absent or a linker. A molar ratio of [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+ to [NH.sub.2-L-CHNH.sub.2COO].sup. is not less than 0.87 and not more than 1.14. A weight ratio of the water to the ionic liquid composition is not more than 7.3%. The present invention provides an ionic liquid composition capable of dissolving cellulose without a cellulose-degrading enzyme, namely, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose.

The present invention relates to stable dosage forms of levomilnacipran and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Processes for the preparation of these dosage forms and methods of using these dosage forms are also described.