The present disclosure is directed to a modified isolated immunoglobulin CH2 domain that specifically binds to an extracellular region of an EphA2 receptor, wherein the amino acid sequence of the modified immunoglobulin CH2 domain includes at least one amino acid substitution, addition or deletion in comparison to a wild type immunoglobulin CH2 domain amino acid sequence, wherein the wild type immunoglobulin CH2 domain amino acid sequence includes SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2. Heterologous immunoconjugates including fusion proteins and pharmaceutical compositions including the modified isolated immunoglobulin CH2 domain are also disclosed. In addition, methods of treating a disease associated with EphA2 overexpression and methods for killing a target cell expressing EphA2 receptors using the modified isolated immunoglobulin CH2 domain are provided.

The present invention relates to an inhibitor of necroptosis for use in preventing the metastasis of tumours. Further, the present invention relates to a method of preventing the metastasis of tumours by inhibiting necroptosis and to a method for modulating the transmigration of metastasising tumour cells through endothelium by modulating necroptosis as well as to an in-vitro method of identifying an inhibitor of necroptosis suitable as a lead compound and/or as a medicament for the prevention of tumour metastasis. Moreover, the present invention also relates to a method of identifying necroptotic and necrotic cells.

IVIG replacement compounds are derived from recombinant and/or biochemical creation of immunologically active biomimetic(s). These replacement compounds are then screened in vitro to assess each replacement compound's efficiency at modulating immune function. Particular replacement compounds are selected for further in vivo validation and dosage/administration optimization. Finally, the replacement compounds are used to treat a wide range of diseases, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

The present invention relates to monoclonal antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to human β-klotho, and pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment comprising the same.

Described herein are methods of producing glycosylated proteins in vitro and in vivo. The methods include using host cells to produce glycosylated proteins. Also described herein are glycosylated proteins produced using such methods and uses thereof.

The application relates to a dual cytokine fusion protein composition, pharmaceutical composition, and/or formulation thereof comprising IL-10 or IL-10 variant molecules fused to a single chain variable fragment scaffolding system and a second cytokine, where the second cytokine is linked in the hinge region of the scFv. The application also relates to methods of using the dual cytokine fusion protein composition for treating cancer, inflammatory diseases or disorders, and immune and immune mediated diseases or disorders.

Methods of generating sequence diversity in a protein, such as a ligand-binding protein, are provided. The methods comprise targeted introduction of two or more recombination signal sequences (RSSs) into the protein coding sequence and introduction of the modified protein coding sequence into a recombination-competent host cell, specifically a recombination-competent host cell that is capable of expressing at least RAG-1 and RAG-2, thereby allowing for recombination of the protein coding sequence and expression of variant proteins. Also provided are polynucleotides comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a target protein, such as a ligand-binding protein, and comprising two or more RSSs, and compositions and host cells comprising same.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of treating or preventing C. difficile infections. In some embodiments, the method includes administering an antitoxin to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the antitoxin includes a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin). In an additional embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to a composition including an antitoxin for treating or preventing C. difficile infections. In some embodiments, the anti-toxin includes a DARPin. In some embodiments, the anti-toxin is a monomeric or dimeric DARPin for the neutralization of Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB).

Provided herein are methods and systems for low-cost, low-equipment detection of pathogens in biological sample. In particular, provided herein is a low-cost method for detecting norovirus that provides reliable, visible test with femtomolar, attomolar, and zeptomolar detection limits and that uses materials suitable for deployment of the methods in the field.

The disclosure generally provides compositions and methods that are useful in the treatment of cancer. More specifically, the methods and compositions may be used to detect, quantify, inhibit, kill, differentiate, or eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs) and may be used in the treatment of cancers associated with CSCs, and particularly cancers and CSCs that express LOX1.