A polymerization reactor of the present invention includes a container body 1 and a jacket 2 covering the outer surface of the container body 1 and defining a passage for passing a cooling/heating medium between itself and the outer surface of the container body. The container body 1 is made of a clad metal plate including a support metal layer 11a having an inner surface at an inner side of the container body and an outer surface at an outer side of the container body, and an inner corrosion-resistant metal skin layer 11b bonded to the inner surface of the support metal layer and being smaller in thickness than the support metal layer.

Provided is a method of producing a polycarboxylic acid-based polymer, the method including adding a monomer composition containing an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based monomer and/or an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-based monomer to a reaction vessel to perform a polymerization reaction, which enables effective suppression of the foaming of a polymerization reaction liquid. The method of producing a polycarboxylic acid-based polymer of the present invention is a method of producing a polycarboxylic acid-based polymer, the method including adding a monomer composition containing an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based monomer and/or an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid-based monomer to a reaction vessel to perform a polymerization reaction, the method further including adding a defoaming agent by a time when 100 mass % of a total amount of the monomer composition is added.

A hydrophilic thickener comprising a polymer obtainable by subjecting a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer to a reversed phase suspension polymerization in the presence of a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether; and a cosmetic composition containing the hydrophilic thickener. The hydrophilic thickener according to the present invention can be used in the fields of cosmetics such as powder foundations, liquid foundations, emulsions, lotions, liquid cosmetics, moisturizing gel, all-in-one gels, cleansing foams, hair setting agents, emollient creams; toiletries, sundries, and the like.

A dispersion of particles is provided that each contain at least one ferromagnetic domain and at least one phosphor domain having a stimulation wavelength, a glow persistence of at least 5 seconds and a visible wavelength emission. A polymeric resin that is transmissive of the stimulation wavelength and the visible wavelength emission coats the ferromagnetic and phosphor domains to define each particle size. A method of non-destructively inspecting a test article applies a dispersion of these particles to a surface of the test article. A magnetic field is then induced including the test article. The surface of the test article is exposed to incident energy adapted to stimulate phosphorescence of the dispersion of particles. With the incident energy exposure ceased, the position of the dispersion of particles on the surface of the test article is imaged. An inspection system for non-destructively inspecting a test article is also provided.

Disclosed are α-keto oxime ester carbazole derivatives with a specific aroyl chromophore useful as a photo initiator, as well as photopolymerizable compositions comprising said photo initiator and ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The photopolymerizable compositions are useful, for example, in photoresist formulations for display applications, e.g. liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light emitting diode (OLED) and touch panel.

The present invention provides a polymerizable composition containing a specific polymerizable compound and a fluorosurfactant having, in its molecule, a pentaerythritol skeleton or a dipentaerythritol skeleton. The invention also provides an optically anisotropic body, a retardation film, an antireflective film, and a liquid crystal display device that are produced using the polymerizable composition of the present invention. The present invention is useful because, when an optically anisotropic body is produced by photo-polymerization of the polymerizable composition, three features including the leveling properties of the surface of the optically anisotropic body, offset onto the substrate, and liquid crystal alignment can be improved simultaneously.

The present invention provides a polymerizable composition containing a specific polymerizable compound and a fluorosurfactant having, in its molecule, a pentaerythritol skeleton or a dipentaerythritol skeleton. The invention also provides an optically anisotropic body, a retardation film, an antireflective film, and a liquid crystal display device that are produced using the polymerizable composition of the present invention. The present invention is useful because, when an optically anisotropic body is produced by photo-polymerization of the polymerizable composition, three features including the leveling properties of the surface of the optically anisotropic body, offset onto the substrate, and liquid crystal alignment can be improved simultaneously.

A binder for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery electrode and use thereof are described. The binder contains a crosslinked polymer or salt thereof, the crosslinked polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a crosslinkable monomer in constituent monomers thereof, or salt thereof, wherein the crosslinked polymer includes the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid in an amount of 20 to 99.95 mass % of the total constituent monomers, and the crosslinked polymer includes at least one compound selected from the group made of trimethylolpropane diallyl ether and trimethylolpropane triallyl ether as the crosslinkable monomer.

A binder for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery electrode and use thereof are described. The binder contains a crosslinked polymer or salt thereof, the crosslinked polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a crosslinkable monomer in constituent monomers thereof, or salt thereof, wherein the crosslinked polymer includes the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid in an amount of 20 to 99.95 mass % of the total constituent monomers, and the crosslinked polymer includes at least one compound selected from the group made of trimethylolpropane diallyl ether and trimethylolpropane triallyl ether as the crosslinkable monomer.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to pore inducers and porous abrasive forms made using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of forming a porous abrasive form including heating an abrasive composition including pore inducers to form the porous abrasive form. During the heating the pore inducers in the porous abrasive form reduce in volume to form induced pores in the porous abrasive form.