A wax-polymer compound includes (a) a polymer component that is a polymerized unsaturated monomer, optionally copolymerized with a vinyl-aromatic monomer, and (b) a halogenated hydrocarbon wax component. The polymer component is grafted to the halogenated hydrocarbon wax component, and the wax-polymer compound has a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 100,000, A method of making the wax-polymer compound and a coated silica particle are also disclosed. A rubber composition includes a rubber elastomer comprising a polymerized unsaturated monomer and optionally a polymerized vinyl-aromatic monomer, the elastomer having a number average molecular weight of about 100,000 to about 1,000,000. It further includes a filler in an amount of about 5 to about 200 phr, the filler comprising carbon black, silica, or both; and a wax-polymer additive.

The present invention relates to: a method of producing a structure having a recessed pattern; a resin composition; a method of forming an electroconductive film; an electronic circuit; and an electronic device. The method of producing a structure having a recessed pattern includes the following steps (i) and (ii), and the recessed pattern has a film thickness that is thinner by 5% to less than 90% with respect to that of a coating film obtained in the step (i): (i) the step of forming a coating film on a non-flat surface of a structure using a resin composition which includes an acid-dissociable group-containing polymer and an acid generator; and (ii) the step of forming a recess by subjecting a prescribed part of a portion of the coating film to irradiation with radiation.

The present invention relates to: a method of producing a structure having a recessed pattern; a resin composition; a method of forming an electroconductive film; an electronic circuit; and an electronic device. The method of producing a structure having a recessed pattern includes the following steps (i) and (ii), and the recessed pattern has a film thickness that is thinner by 5% to less than 90% with respect to that of a coating film obtained in the step (i): (i) the step of forming a coating film on a non-flat surface of a structure using a resin composition which includes an acid-dissociable group-containing polymer and an acid generator; and (ii) the step of forming a recess by subjecting a prescribed part of a portion of the coating film to irradiation with radiation.

Provided is a polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer having reactivity and solubility that can be used for manufacturing a copolymer rubber and a copolymer rubber material having processability, strength and homogeneity obtained therefrom. The polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer includes: 0.5 mol % or more and 40 mol % or less of a structural unit (a) derived from a divinyl aromatic compound and 60 mol % or more and 99.5 mol % or less of a structural unit (b) derived from a monovinyl aromatic compound, in which at least some of the structural units (a) are a crosslinked structural unit (a2) represented by the following Formula (2) and a vinyl-group-containing structural unit (a1) represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

in the formulas, R.sup.1's independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Provided is a polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer having reactivity and solubility that can be used for manufacturing a copolymer rubber and a copolymer rubber material having processability, strength and homogeneity obtained therefrom. The polyfunctional vinyl aromatic copolymer includes: 0.5 mol % or more and 40 mol % or less of a structural unit (a) derived from a divinyl aromatic compound and 60 mol % or more and 99.5 mol % or less of a structural unit (b) derived from a monovinyl aromatic compound, in which at least some of the structural units (a) are a crosslinked structural unit (a2) represented by the following Formula (2) and a vinyl-group-containing structural unit (a1) represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

in the formulas, R.sup.1's independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for reducing the antigenicity of molecules, wherein the molecule comprises a uricase. The antigenicity of a molecule may be reduced or eliminated by conjugating at least one branched polymer to the molecule to form a molecule-polymer conjugate. The branched polymer may include a backbone and a plurality of side chains, each side chain covalently attached to the backbone.

This invention provides a method of manufacturing a curable petroleum resin and a curable petroleum resin obtained therefrom. The method includes (a) a process of thermally polymerizing a composition for polymerization which includes silanes and monomers, including cyclic olefins having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group selected from among C5 fractions, C9 fractions, and dicyclopentadiene of naphtha cracking, thereby enabling petroleum resins, which are thermoplastic resins, to be applied as reactive adhesives, and ultimately being capable of providing eco-friendly reactive adhesives.

This invention provides a method of manufacturing a curable petroleum resin and a curable petroleum resin obtained therefrom. The method includes (a) a process of thermally polymerizing a composition for polymerization which includes silanes and monomers, including cyclic olefins having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group selected from among C5 fractions, C9 fractions, and dicyclopentadiene of naphtha cracking, thereby enabling petroleum resins, which are thermoplastic resins, to be applied as reactive adhesives, and ultimately being capable of providing eco-friendly reactive adhesives.

A graft polymer of polysaccharides or polypeptides or its respective derivatives, obtainable by free radical polymerization of A) a monomer selected from or a monomer mixture of (a) from 20 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or of a mixture thereof or of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof, (b) from 0 to 80% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers having at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated, nonconjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of either B1) polysaccharides, oxidatively, hydrolytically or enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, oxidized hydrolytically degraded or oxidized enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, or such chemically modified degraded products, chemically modified mono-, oligo-or poly-saccharides or mixtures of the stated compounds and/or B2) polypeptides, their hydrolysates or enzymaticallydegraded and optionally chemically modified products or mixtures of the stated compounds in a weight ratio A: (B1 or B2) of from 1:99 to 18:82 or in a weight ratio A:(B1+B2) of from 60:40 to 1:99 and B1:B2 of from 97:3 to 3:97 used as tanning agents.

A graft polymer of polysaccharides or polypeptides or its respective derivatives, obtainable by free radical polymerization of A) a monomer selected from or a monomer mixture of (a) from 20 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or of a mixture thereof or of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof, (b) from 0 to 80% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers having at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated, nonconjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of either B1) polysaccharides, oxidatively, hydrolytically or enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, oxidized hydrolytically degraded or oxidized enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, or such chemically modified degraded products, chemically modified mono-, oligo-or poly-saccharides or mixtures of the stated compounds and/or B2) polypeptides, their hydrolysates or enzymaticallydegraded and optionally chemically modified products or mixtures of the stated compounds in a weight ratio A: (B1 or B2) of from 1:99 to 18:82 or in a weight ratio A:(B1+B2) of from 60:40 to 1:99 and B1:B2 of from 97:3 to 3:97 used as tanning agents.