Provided is a method of performing pre-paint treatment of an automobile body including a high-tensile steel sheet, in which desirable corrosion resistance can be obtained after painting. A method of performing pre-paint treatment of an automobile body, the method including performing an alkaline degreasing step, a first water-washing step, a chemical conversion treatment step, a second water-washing step, and a cationic electrodeposition painting step, in this order, wherein the chemical conversion treatment step is performed using an chemical conversion treatment agent including zirconium (A), free fluorine ions (B), an allylamine-diallylamine copolymer (C), aluminum ions (D), nitrate ions (E) each at a predetermined concentration; the allylamine-diallylamine copolymer (C) forms an acid addition salt having an anionic counter ion, and the pKa of an acid thereof falls within the range of −3.7 to 4.8; and the content percentage of diallylamine is 80 mol % or more and 98 mol % or less.

Methods and apparatus for producing helix windings used for a transformer are provided. For example, apparatus comprise an electrically conductive mandrel comprising an elongated body, a head comprising an eyelet detail, and a winding structure disposed along the elongated body.

Methods and apparatus for producing helix windings used for a transformer are provided. For example, apparatus comprise an electrically conductive mandrel comprising an elongated body, a head comprising an eyelet detail, and a winding structure disposed along the elongated body.

EL The present invention provides a system for electrodepositing a plurality of electrolytes onto a substrate in a single deposition chamber to form an article, in which the system comprises a removable substrate; a deposition chamber containing the substrate in which the chamber has an inlet and an outlet and in which the chamber comprises at least one anode with connection to a source of electrical current; a plurality of electrolyte reservoirs for an electrolyte solution connected to the deposition chamber through the inlet; and a rinse medium reservoir connected to the deposition chamber through the inlet. Also provided is a system comprising a cradle to form an article, methods using the systems of the invention, and composite materials and devices prepared by the methods of the invention.

EL The present invention provides a system for electrodepositing a plurality of electrolytes onto a substrate in a single deposition chamber to form an article, in which the system comprises a removable substrate; a deposition chamber containing the substrate in which the chamber has an inlet and an outlet and in which the chamber comprises at least one anode with connection to a source of electrical current; a plurality of electrolyte reservoirs for an electrolyte solution connected to the deposition chamber through the inlet; and a rinse medium reservoir connected to the deposition chamber through the inlet. Also provided is a system comprising a cradle to form an article, methods using the systems of the invention, and composite materials and devices prepared by the methods of the invention.

Provided is an apparatus for electro-forming. The apparatus for electro-forming includes a plating bath which is a space where a substrate is plated and a clamp disposed within the plating bath and configured to grasp the substrate disposed in a horizontal direction. The apparatus for electro-forming further includes an assembly including an anode spaced above the substrate and connected to an external power supply and a plating solution supply unit spaced above the substrate and configured to supply a plating solution. The apparatus for electro-forming also includes a driving unit configured to reciprocate the assembly in a horizontal direction at a distance from the substrate. The assembly further includes an insulator between the anode and the plating solution supply unit.

Described herein is an aqueous cathodically depositable electrodeposition coating material composition including at least one cathodically depositable polymer (a) and at least one carbon black pigment (b), where the at least one carbon black pigment (b) is a lamp black pigment having a number-based median primary particle size (d.sub.N,50%) of at least 50 nm and at most 200 nm. Also described herein is a method for at least partially coating an electrically conductive substrate by cathodic electrodeposition coating including immersing the substrate at least partially into an electrodeposition coating bath, which includes the electrodeposition coating material composition. Also described herein is an electrically conductive substrate, which is at least partially coated with a baked electrodeposition coating material composition and/or which is obtainable by the method. Further, described herein is a method of using the carbon black pigment (b) for improving corrosion protection and/or homogeneity of the film build.

Described herein is an aqueous cathodically depositable electrodeposition coating material composition including at least one cathodically depositable polymer (a) and at least one carbon black pigment (b), where the at least one carbon black pigment (b) is a lamp black pigment having a number-based median primary particle size (d.sub.N,50%) of at least 50 nm and at most 200 nm. Also described herein is a method for at least partially coating an electrically conductive substrate by cathodic electrodeposition coating including immersing the substrate at least partially into an electrodeposition coating bath, which includes the electrodeposition coating material composition. Also described herein is an electrically conductive substrate, which is at least partially coated with a baked electrodeposition coating material composition and/or which is obtainable by the method. Further, described herein is a method of using the carbon black pigment (b) for improving corrosion protection and/or homogeneity of the film build.

A cathodic electrocoating composition having reduced volatile organic compounds includes: an epoxy resin comprising; a film forming binder, and a cross-linking agent; a pigment paste; water; and about 0.01 to about 10 percent by weight of an oxo-alcohol, based on a total weight of the composition, wherein the resin composition is free of glycol ethers.

A cathodic electrocoating composition having reduced volatile organic compounds includes: an epoxy resin comprising; a film forming binder, and a cross-linking agent; a pigment paste; water; and about 0.01 to about 10 percent by weight of an oxo-alcohol, based on a total weight of the composition, wherein the resin composition is free of glycol ethers.