To provide an ignition apparatus which can turn on and off the sub primary coil according to extension degree of the discharge path of the spark discharge. An ignition apparatus is provided with an ignition coil that is provided with a main primary coil, a sub primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux of a direction opposite to the energization magnetic flux of the main primary coil, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled with the main primary coil and the sub primary coil and supplies spark discharge energy to a spark plug; and after turning off energization to the main primary coil, based on a detection value of terminal voltage of the main primary coil, turns on and off the sub switch circuit to turn on and off energization to the sub primary coil and additionally supply spark discharge energy to the secondary coil.

To provide an ignition apparatus which can turn on and off the sub primary coil according to extension degree of the discharge path of the spark discharge. An ignition apparatus is provided with an ignition coil that is provided with a main primary coil, a sub primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux of a direction opposite to the energization magnetic flux of the main primary coil, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled with the main primary coil and the sub primary coil and supplies spark discharge energy to a spark plug; and after turning off energization to the main primary coil, based on a detection value of terminal voltage of the main primary coil, turns on and off the sub switch circuit to turn on and off energization to the sub primary coil and additionally supply spark discharge energy to the secondary coil.

A system for feeding water to at least one combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine having: a tank designed to contain a quantity of water; a feeding duct; a pump designed to draw water from the tank and to pump pressurised water into the feeding duct; and at least one silver-containing body which is contained in the tank in contact with the water.

A system for feeding water to at least one combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine having: a tank designed to contain a quantity of water; a feeding duct; a pump designed to draw water from the tank and to pump pressurised water into the feeding duct; and at least one silver-containing body which is contained in the tank in contact with the water.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to systems and methods of operating internal combustion (IC) engines, and more specifically to systems and methods of starting compression ignition (CI) engines when the surrounding environment is significantly colder than the normal operating temperature of the engine (i.e., cold-starting). In some embodiments, the CI engine can include an ignition-assist device. In some embodiments, a method of operating a CI engine during cold-start can include opening an intake valve to draw a volume of air into the combustion chamber, moving a piston from a bottom-dead-center position to a top-dead-center position in a combustion chamber at a compression ratio of between about 15 and about 25, injecting a volume of fuel, the fuel having a cetane number of less than about 30, closing the intake valve, and combusting substantially all of the volume of fuel.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to systems and methods of operating internal combustion (IC) engines, and more specifically to systems and methods of starting compression ignition (CI) engines when the surrounding environment is significantly colder than the normal operating temperature of the engine (i.e., cold-starting). In some embodiments, the CI engine can include an ignition-assist device. In some embodiments, a method of operating a CI engine during cold-start can include opening an intake valve to draw a volume of air into the combustion chamber, moving a piston from a bottom-dead-center position to a top-dead-center position in a combustion chamber at a compression ratio of between about 15 and about 25, injecting a volume of fuel, the fuel having a cetane number of less than about 30, closing the intake valve, and combusting substantially all of the volume of fuel.

To provide an ignition apparatus which can turn on and off the sub primary coil according to extension degree of the discharge path of the spark discharge. An ignition apparatus is provided with an ignition coil that is provided with a main primary coil, a sub primary coil which generates energization magnetic flux of a direction opposite to the energization magnetic flux of the main primary coil, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled with the main primary coil and the sub primary coil and supplies spark discharge energy to a spark plug; and after turning off energization to the main primary coil, based on a detection value of terminal voltage of the main primary coil, turns on and off the sub switch circuit to turn on and off energization to the sub primary coil and additionally supply spark discharge energy to the secondary coil.

An engine control system includes: a delay estimating unit configured to estimate a auto-ignition delay based on first parameters including a composition of fuel gas; a auto-ignition predicting unit configured to predict a auto-ignition timing based on the auto-ignition delay; a completion predicting unit configured to predict a combustion completion timing of the fuel gas; and an operation control unit configured to control an engine based on a result of comparison between the auto-ignition timing and the combustion completion timing.

A laser device and an internal combustion engine. The laser device includes a light source configured to emit light, an optical system configured to concentrate the light emitted from the light source, a housing configured to accommodate the optical system, and a window disposed to the housing, to which the light passed through the optical system is incident. The window includes an optical window through which the light exited from the optical system passes, an optical window holding member configured to hold the optical window, a joint configured to join the optical window to the optical window holding member, and a protective layer disposed to a face of the joint. The internal combustion engine includes the laser device according to claim, and a combustion chamber configured to burn fuel to produce inflammable gas. In the internal combustion engine, the fuel is ignited by the laser device.

A system for feeding water to at least one combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine having: a tank designed to contain a quantity of water; a feeding duct; a pump designed to draw water from the tank and to pump pressurised water into the feeding duct; and at least one silver-containing body which is contained in the tank in contact with the water.