A gas-fired atmospheric pressure steam humidifier having high efficiency and ultra-low NOx(3) emissions is disclosed. In some examples, the gas-fired humidifier can have an efficiency of greater than 90 percent and a NOx(3) output of less than 20 parts per million (ppm). In one aspect, the humidifier includes a secondary heat exchanger having a first heat exchange section for pre-heating combustion air and a separate second heat exchange section for pre-heating make-up water, wherein the first and second heat exchange sections are in heat transfer communication with exhaust gases generated by the gas-fired burner and combustion blower assembly. In some examples, the first heat exchange section includes orifices for enabling flue gas recirculation.

A cylindrical burner apparatus and method which produce low NO.sub.x emissions and low noise levels without being dependent upon a blower, or natural draft, for providing air flow. A flow of combustion air is induced into a cylindrical burner lube by discharging a gas fuel from a plurality of discharge ports located inside the rearward end of the tube. At least some of the discharge ports are oriented to direct jets of the gas fuel toward flame stabilization structures positioned downstream of the discharge ports.

A cylindrical burner apparatus and method which produce low NO.sub.x emissions and low noise levels without being dependent upon a blower, or natural draft, for providing air flow or flue gas recirculation. A flow of combustion air is induced into the initial tube pass of the burner by discharging a gas fuel from a plurality of discharge ports located in the initial tube pass. At the same time, a flow of recycled flue gas is induced through a bypass duct between a subsequent tube pass of the burner and the initial tube pass by discharging one or more jets of gas fuel through the bypass duct.

A cylindrical burner apparatus and method which produce low NO.sub.x emissions and low noise levels without being dependent upon a blower, or natural draft, for providing air flow or flue gas recirculation. A flow of combustion air is induced into the initial tube pass of the burner by discharging a gas fuel from a plurality of discharge ports located in the initial tube pass. At the same time, a flow of recycled flue gas is induced through a bypass duct between a subsequent tube pass of the burner and the initial tube pass by discharging one or more jets of gas fuel through the bypass duct.

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems, including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that may integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. The present disclosure also provides apparatuses and methods for heat exchange, such as an apparatus that can perform boiling and steam super-heating in separate chambers in order to reach a target outlet temperature that is relatively constant as the apparatus becomes fouled. A system of the present disclosure may include an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) subsystem that generates a product stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms, and a dual compartment heat exchanger downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem.

A modular pressurized combustion system for flexible energy generation is provided. The system comprises a plurality of pressurized combustion boilers, at least one compressor configured to provide pressurized oxidizer gas to each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers in parallel, and at least one feeder configured to provide fuel to each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers in parallel. The system further comprises a flue gas input unit configured to provide recycled flue gas to each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers in series, at least one pressurized heat recovery unit configured to receive a flue gas output stream from each of the plurality of pressurized combustion boilers, and at least one particle filter configured to filter a flue gas output stream from the pressurized heat recovery unit. The system also comprises an integrated pollutant removal unit.

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems, including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that may integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. The present disclosure also provides apparatuses and methods for heat exchange, such as an apparatus that can perform boiling and steam super-heating in separate chambers in order to reach a target outlet temperature that is relatively constant as the apparatus becomes fouled. A system of the present disclosure may include an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) subsystem that generates a product stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms, and a dual compartment heat exchanger downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem.

A method and system enabling the efficient use of thermal energy to provide kinetic energy and/or electrical energy. The method uses at least two heat exchangers for heating the working medium, a heat engine and a condenser. The working medium consists of at least two substances. The working medium is partially condensed on the primary side of the first heat exchanger, wherein heat is transferred to the working medium flowing on the secondary side and, subsequently, further condensation heat is transferred to a cooling circuit in a condensation heat exchanger on the primary side of the condensation heat exchanger. Subsequently, the working medium is redirected to the secondary side of the first heat exchanger. A separation of gaseous fractions of the working medium takes place in the condensation heat exchanger on the primary side.

An arrangement having multiple heat exchangers and a method for evaporating a working fluid by transferring heat from a heat source medium is described herein. The arrangement is used in connection with a system for recovering energy from waste heat in a thermodynamic cycle, in which the waste heat is used as the heat source medium. Each heat exchanger has a heat source medium through-passage separated from a working fluid chamber are serially interconnected in a ring arrangement. A supply line is provided between the heat source medium through-passages of any two serially consecutive heat exchangers in the ring arrangement, which can be connected selectively to the inlet of the heat source medium through-passage of each heat exchanger. Further, a discharge line for the heat source medium is provided, which can be connected selectively to the outlet of the heat source medium through-passage of each heat exchanger.

An arrangement having multiple heat exchangers and a method for evaporating a working fluid by transferring heat from a heat source medium is described herein. The arrangement is used in connection with a system for recovering energy from waste heat in a thermodynamic cycle, in which the waste heat is used as the heat source medium. Each heat exchanger has a heat source medium through-passage separated from a working fluid chamber are serially interconnected in a ring arrangement. A supply line is provided between the heat source medium through-passages of any two serially consecutive heat exchangers in the ring arrangement, which can be connected selectively to the inlet of the heat source medium through-passage of each heat exchanger. Further, a discharge line for the heat source medium is provided, which can be connected selectively to the outlet of the heat source medium through-passage of each heat exchanger.