Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, method, and apparatus comprising a direct steam generator configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents.

A steam turbine plant includes a chemical supply part configured to supply a pH adjuster to feedwater to a steam generator, an adjustment part for adjusting a supply amount of the pH adjuster to the feedwater by the chemical supply part, and at least one carbon steel component that includes a pipe or a device formed from carbon steel and through which the feedwater flows, the carbon steel component being configured such that an internal temperature at least partially falls within a range of not less than 120° C. and not greater than 180° C. under load operating condition of the steam turbine plant. The adjustment part is configured to, under the load operating condition, adjust the supply amount of the pH adjuster such that pH of the feedwater in each of the at least one carbon steel component is not less than 9.8.

A solute concentration decision method for deciding a planned value C.sub.I of a concentration of a solute in a solution to be supplied to a first drum among one or more steam drums for temporarily containing steam generated in a boiler of a steam turbine plant includes a step of deciding the planned value C.sub.I of the concentration of the solute in the solution to be supplied to the first drum, on the basis of a target concentration of the solute in the solution in the first drum and a capacity coefficient of the solute in a drum unit including the first drum and an evaporator for generating steam contained in the first drum.

A steam turbine plant includes a chemical supply part configured to supply a pH adjuster to feedwater to a steam generator, an adjustment part for adjusting a supply amount of the pH adjuster to the feedwater by the chemical supply part, and at least one carbon steel component that includes a pipe or a device formed from carbon steel and through which the feedwater flows, the carbon steel component being configured such that an internal temperature at least partially falls within a range of not less than 120° C. and not greater than 180° C. under load operating condition of the steam turbine plant. The adjustment part is configured to, under the load operating condition, adjust the supply amount of the pH adjuster such that pH of the feedwater in each of the at least one carbon steel component is not less than 9.8.

A vertical heat recovery steam generator, the low-pressure stages of which are designed as a once-through system, having a condensate preheater with at least one condensate preheater heating surface, through which a flow medium flows and which is disposed in a hot gas channel through which hot gas flows, a low-pressure preheater with at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel, and a low-pressure evaporator with at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel. The flow medium flows successively through the at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface and the at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface in one pass and without additional pressure compensation.

A vertical heat recovery steam generator, the low-pressure stages of which are designed as a once-through system, having a condensate preheater with at least one condensate preheater heating surface, through which a flow medium flows and which is disposed in a hot gas channel through which hot gas flows, a low-pressure preheater with at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel, and a low-pressure evaporator with at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface through which the flow medium flows and which is disposed in the hot gas channel. The flow medium flows successively through the at least one low-pressure preheater heating surface and the at least one low-pressure evaporator heating surface in one pass and without additional pressure compensation.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, method, and apparatus comprising a direct steam generator configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents.

A steam turbine power plant utilizing high temperature high efficiency industrial heat pumps (IHP) to preheat boiler feedwater is disclosed. The typical extraction steam feedwater preheater is replaced by a plurality of series connected heat pumps that produce boiler feedwater by preheating pressurized condensate from a feedwater pump attached to a condensate receiver. A stack economizer extracts waste heat from boiler flue gas to provide a closed loop of hot source water to the heat pumps. The Heat Rate of the power plant will be reduced by approximately 7%. By using leaving condenser water as source water for the lower temperature stage heat pumps, some of the liberated high temperature source water can be diverted to a new boiler combustion air preheater. The combination of feedwater preheating heat pumps plus a boiler combustion air preheater will reduce the Heat Rate of the power plant by approximately 12%.

A steam turbine power plant utilizing high temperature high efficiency industrial heat pumps (IHP) to preheat boiler feedwater is disclosed. The typical extraction steam feedwater preheater is replaced by a plurality of series connected heat pumps that produce boiler feedwater by preheating pressurized condensate from a feedwater pump attached to a condensate receiver. A stack economizer extracts waste heat from boiler flue gas to provide a closed loop of hot source water to the heat pumps. The Heat Rate of the power plant will be reduced by approximately 7%. By using leaving condenser water as source water for the lower temperature stage heat pumps, some of the liberated high temperature source water can be diverted to a new boiler combustion air preheater. The combination of feedwater preheating heat pumps plus a boiler combustion air preheater will reduce the Heat Rate of the power plant by approximately 12%.

A system for producing steam includes a source of superheated water with superheated water output; a membrane filtration system in fluid communication with the superheated water output and including a membrane filter with a permeate side and an opposing retentate side. The membrane filter includes a separation membrane constructed to reject organic molecules. The system may be used for removing organic compounds, such as anti-corrosion agents or contaminants, from superheated water to produce steam. A method for producing steam includes directing a cross-flow of heated pressurized water including a first concentration of an organic compound across a membrane filter. The membrane filter includes a separation membrane constructed to reject the organic compound; and one or more support layers adjacent the separation membrane. A steam permeate including a second concentration of the organic compound is collected, where the second concentration is lower than the first.