A production method can include flowing a heterogeneous fluid mixture into contact with a homogenizing cutting tool, measuring a fluid mixture temperature so as to obtain a measured fluid mixture temperature, and determining a target fluid mixture temperature. The fluid mixture can be frictionally heated so as to obtain a heated and homogenized fluid mixture by driving the cutting tool at a rate based on (i) the target fluid mixture temperature and (ii) the measured fluid mixture temperature. The heated and homogenized fluid mixture can be flowed away from the cutting tool.

A production method can include flowing a heterogeneous fluid mixture into contact with a homogenizing cutting tool, measuring a fluid mixture temperature so as to obtain a measured fluid mixture temperature, and determining a target fluid mixture temperature. The fluid mixture can be frictionally heated so as to obtain a heated and homogenized fluid mixture by driving the cutting tool at a rate based on (i) the target fluid mixture temperature and (ii) the measured fluid mixture temperature. The heated and homogenized fluid mixture can be flowed away from the cutting tool.

Disclosed is an energy supply system using hot waste water that controls a supply of energy required according to a situation of agricultural facilities. The energy supply system includes a hot waste water pipe connecting a power plant and at least one facility so as to supply thermal energy to the at least one facility through hot waste water discharged from the power plant; a ground heat exchanger buried under a ground and connected to the at least one facility so as to supply geothermal energy to the at least one facility; at least one solar cell module disposed in the at least one facility and supplying electric energy to the at least one facility; and a server configured to individually control the thermal energy, the geothermal energy and the electrical energy supplied to the at least one facility according to an environmental state of the at least one facility.

Disclosed is an energy supply system using hot waste water that controls a supply of energy required according to a situation of agricultural facilities. The energy supply system includes a hot waste water pipe connecting a power plant and at least one facility so as to supply thermal energy to the at least one facility through hot waste water discharged from the power plant; a ground heat exchanger buried under a ground and connected to the at least one facility so as to supply geothermal energy to the at least one facility; at least one solar cell module disposed in the at least one facility and supplying electric energy to the at least one facility; and a server configured to individually control the thermal energy, the geothermal energy and the electrical energy supplied to the at least one facility according to an environmental state of the at least one facility.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for determining temperature profile associated with a thermal storage tank of a hydronic system. The method performed by a control unit includes monitoring a flow rate and a temperature of a volume of hot water and a volume of cold water entering a thermal storage tank via a set of flowmeters and a set of temperature sensors, respectively. The method includes determining a current location of plurality of water layers in the thermal storage tank. The method further includes computing an average temperature value of the at least the hot water and the cold water withdrawn from the thermal storage tank. The method includes generating a temperature profile of the thermal storage tank based at least on the current location, the flow rate and the temperature of the hot water and the cold water, and the average temperature value.

A production method can include flowing a heterogeneous fluid mixture into contact with a homogenizing cutting tool, measuring a fluid mixture temperature so as to obtain a measured fluid mixture temperature, and determining a target fluid mixture temperature. The fluid mixture can be frictionally heated so as to obtain a heated and homogenized fluid mixture by driving the cutting tool at a rate based on (i) the target fluid mixture temperature and (ii) the measured fluid mixture temperature. The heated and homogenized fluid mixture can be flowed away from the cutting tool.

A production method can include flowing a heterogeneous fluid mixture into contact with a homogenizing cutting tool, measuring a fluid mixture temperature so as to obtain a measured fluid mixture temperature, and determining a target fluid mixture temperature. The fluid mixture can be frictionally heated so as to obtain a heated and homogenized fluid mixture by driving the cutting tool at a rate based on (i) the target fluid mixture temperature and (ii) the measured fluid mixture temperature. The heated and homogenized fluid mixture can be flowed away from the cutting tool.

Disclosed is an energy supply system using hot waste water that controls a supply of energy required according to a situation of agricultural facilities. The energy supply system includes a hot waste water pipe connecting a power plant and at least one facility so as to supply thermal energy to the at least one facility through hot waste water discharged from the power plant; a ground heat exchanger buried under a ground and connected to the at least one facility so as to supply geothermal energy to the at least one facility; at least one solar cell module disposed in the at least one facility and supplying electric energy to the at least one facility; and a server configured to individually control the thermal energy, the geothermal energy and the electrical energy supplied to the at least one facility according to an environmental state of the at least one facility.

Disclosed is an energy supply system using hot waste water that controls a supply of energy required according to a situation of agricultural facilities. The energy supply system includes a hot waste water pipe connecting a power plant and at least one facility so as to supply thermal energy to the at least one facility through hot waste water discharged from the power plant; a ground heat exchanger buried under a ground and connected to the at least one facility so as to supply geothermal energy to the at least one facility; at least one solar cell module disposed in the at least one facility and supplying electric energy to the at least one facility; and a server configured to individually control the thermal energy, the geothermal energy and the electrical energy supplied to the at least one facility according to an environmental state of the at least one facility.

An experimentation apparatus tests for heat produced by cavitation. The experimentation apparatus includes a heating chamber, a quantity of heavy water, a piezo-disk antenna, a target foil, a transmission line, a signal generator, a control unit, and at least one sensor. The heavy water is retained within the heating chamber and is agitated by the piezo-disk antenna to form cavitation bubbles. These cavitation bubbles impact the target foil in order to potentially produce deuteron combination events that could consequently produce heat. The signal generator sends an electrical signal along a transmission line to the piezo-disk antenna in order to dictate how the piezo-disk antenna vibrates within the heavy water. The control unit is used to manage the operational functionalities of the experimentation apparatus such as instructing the signal generator to adjust the frequency of the electrical signal. The at least one sensor collects experimentation data within the heating chamber.