Multiband guiding structures for antennas and methods for using the same are described. In one embodiment, an antenna comprises: an antenna aperture with radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements; and a center-fed, multi-band wave guiding structure coupled to the antenna aperture to receive a feed wave in two different frequency bands and propagate the feed wave to the RF radiating antenna elements of the antenna aperture.

Antennas such as flat panel, leaky wave antennas with directional coupler feeds and waveguides are disclosed. In one example, an antenna includes a surface having antenna elements, a guided wave transmission line, and a coupling surface. The guided wave transmission line provides a guided feed wave. The coupling surface is between and separates the guided wave transmission line and the surface having antenna elements. The coupling surface controls coupling of the guided feed wave to the antenna elements. The coupling surface can also spatially filter the guided feed wave to provide a more uniform power density for the antenna elements. The guided feed wave can be a high power density electromagnetic wave or a density radially decaying electromagnetic wave.

A device includes a device cover and an antenna system underneath the device cover. The device cover is separated from the antenna system. The device cover includes a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) equivalent material surrounding the antenna system without overlapping the antenna system.

The present disclosure provides a dual-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM) convergence base cell array and metasurface preparation method. The base cell array includes 2.sup.n(2.sup.n-1) anisotropic cell structures and 2.sup.n isotropic cell structures. Each of the anisotropic cell structures includes a bottom ground layer, a dielectric substrate layer and a top pattern layer which are disposed in sequence from bottom to top, where each top pattern layer has an axisymmetric H-shaped structure. Each of the isotropic cell structures includes a bottom ground layer, a dielectric substrate layer and a top pattern layer which are disposed in sequence from bottom to top, where each top pattern layer has a square structure.

Systems and methods for designing, optimizing, patterning, forming, and manufacturing symphotic structures are described herein. A symphotic structure may be formed by identifying a continuous refractive index distribution calculated to convert each of a plurality of input reference waves to a corresponding plurality of output object waves. The continuous refractive index distribution can be modeled as a plurality of subwavelength voxels. The system can calculate a symphotic pattern as a three-dimensional array of discrete dipole values to functionally approximate the subwavelength voxels. A symphotic structure may be formed with a volumetric distribution of dipole structures. A dipole value, such as a dipole moment (direction and magnitude) of each dipole is selected for the volumetric distribution to convert a plurality of input reference waves to a target plurality of output object waves.

Magnetodielectric (MD) metamaterials have a magnetodielectric (MD) substrate of a ferrite composition or composite having a characteristic impedance matching an impedance of free space and at least one frequency selective surface (FSS). The FSS has a plurality of frequency selective surface elements disposed in a pattern and supported on the MD substrate. The FSS has a conducting composition and is configured to permit one or more of transmission, reflection, or absorption at a selected resonant frequency or selected frequency band. Articles incorporating magnetodielectric metamaterials are provided.

A disclosed airborne vehicle includes split-ring resonators (split ring resonators), which may be embedded within a material. Each split ring resonator may be formed from a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic carbonaceous growth and may detect an electromagnetic ping emitted from a user device. Each split ring resonator may generate an electromagnetic return signal in response to the electromagnetic ping. The electromagnetic return signal may indicate a state of the material in a position proximate to a respective split ring resonator. In some aspects, each may resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a first state, and may resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping when the material is in a second state. A resonant frequency of the 3D monolithic carbonaceous growth may be based on physical characteristics of the material.

In an antenna module on one printed circuit board, a first area where a plurality of antenna elements are positioned on a first surface, and a second area where a plurality of front end integrated circuits are independently positioned on a second surface, the opposite surface of the first surface, are provided, and a wire is provided in the second area to electrically couple some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a first front end integrated circuit to some ports of a plurality of ports provided in a second front end integrated circuit. The some ports provided in the first front end integrated circuit include a first port configured to output a first intermediate frequency signal, and a second port configured to input a second intermediate frequency signal.

The present application relates to an electromagnetic band-gap, a directional antenna including same, and a use thereof. The electromagnetic band-gap structure and the directional antenna including same, of the present application, are lightweight and small in size, and can have excellent directivity. In addition, the electromagnetic band-gap structure and the directional antenna including same can be used for aviation electronic equipment and portable measurement equipment.

Provided is a wave control medium capable of controlling waves while decreasing the size of a metamaterial or the like and increasing the bandwidth of the metamaterial or the like.

A wave control medium 10 is formed by combining at least two among a coil 11 and a coil 12 which are three-dimensional microstructures formed into a spiral structure, the coil 11 and the coil 12 including any one of a metal, a dielectric material, a magnetic material, a semiconductor, and a superconductor, or a material selected from a plurality of combinations of these materials, and having functions of a capacitor and an inductor. The coil 11 and the coil 12 form a capacitor between the lateral face of the coil 11 and the lateral face of the coil 12 facing each other, and form an inductor by forming a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure by the coil 11 and the coil 12 having a spiral structure.