An approach is disclosed for generating seed electrons at a spark gap in the absence of .sup.85Kr. The present approach utilizes the photo-electric effect, using a light source with a specific nominal wave length (or range of wavelengths) at a specific level of emitted flux to generate seed electrons.

An electronic apparatus and an overvoltage protection structure thereof are provided. The overvoltage protection structure includes a first signal transmission end and a second signal transmission end. The first signal transmission end has at least one first side, and couples to a protected component through a conductive wire. The second signal transmission end has at least one second side, wherein the at least one second side corresponds to the at least one first side and is adjacent to the at least one first side. Therein, there is at least one gap between the at least one second side and the at least one first side, and the gap is positively related to a threshold voltage of the overvoltage protection structure.

An approach is disclosed for generating seed electrons at a spark gap in the absence of .sup.85Kr. The present approach utilizes the photo-electric effect, using a light source with a specific nominal wave length (or range of wavelengths) at a specific level of emitted flux to generate seed electrons.

An approach is disclosed for generating seed electrons at a spark gap in the absence of .sup.85Kr. The present approach utilizes the photo-electric effect, using a light source with a specific nominal wave length (or range of wavelengths) at a specific level of emitted flux to generate seed electrons.

A self-adjusting gap system, including: a flexure connected to a first electrically isolated element, wherein the flexure allows motion or has a flexible element, and has an electrically conductive element; a contact fixture connected to a second electrically isolated element, wherein the second electrically isolated element is electrically isolated from the first electrically isolated element; and a contact point on one of the contact fixture and the flexure configured to be a discharge location for a discharge of a differential charge between the first electrically isolated element and the second electrically isolated element; wherein the flexure is configured to flex or move due to the differential charge to reduce an initial first gap between the flexure and the contact fixture.

A self-adjusting gap system, including: a flexure connected to a first electrically isolated element, wherein the flexure allows motion or has a flexible element, and has an electrically conductive element; a contact fixture connected to a second electrically isolated element, wherein the second electrically isolated element is electrically isolated from the first electrically isolated element; and a contact point on one of the contact fixture and the flexure configured to be a discharge location for a discharge of a differential charge between the first electrically isolated element and the second electrically isolated element; wherein the flexure is configured to flex or move due to the differential charge to reduce an initial first gap between the flexure and the contact fixture.