It relates to a new use of ginsenoside M1 as a modulator of angiotensin regulating enzymes and treatment for infection caused by coronavirus using ginsenoside M1.

The present disclosure relates to genetically modified non-human animals (e.g., genetically-modified mice or rodents) that express a hACE2 and/or hTMPRRS2 under control of the mouse promoter and the genetically modified non-human animal does not express native ACE2 and/or hTMPRRS2. The present disclosure also relates to methods of generating the genetically-modified animals (e.g., genetically modified mice or rodents), and methods of using the genetically modified non-human animals (e.g., genetically modified mice or rodents) described herein.

The present disclosure is directed to a relief system for the effective detection, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19, including (1) serological diagnostic assays for the detection of viral infection and epidemiological surveillance, (2) high-precision, site-directed peptide immunogen constructs for the prevention of infection by SARS-CoV-2, (3) receptor-based antiviral therapies for the treatment of the disease in infected patients, and (4) designer protein vaccine containing S1-RBD-sFc. The disclosed relief system utilizes amino acid sequences from SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well as human receptors for the design and manufacture of optimal SARS-CoV-2 antigenic peptides, peptide immunogen constructs, CHO-derived protein immunogen constructs, long-acting CHO-derived ACE2 proteins, and formulations thereof, as diagnostics, vaccines, and antiviral therapies for the detection, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19.

The present invention provides mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles comprising exogenous membrane embedded proteins. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising MSCs and extracellular vesicles are also provided. The present invention further provides a method of treating, preventing or ameliorating a viral infection, inflammation, and/or tissue fibrosis.

The disclosure provides peptides that are useful for the prevention of infection of coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. Also described is a method reducing probability of viral infection in a human subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition described herein.

A red blood cell (RBC) having an agent linked thereto, wherein the agent is linked to at least one endogenous, non-engineered membrane protein of the RBC by a sortase-mediated reaction, preferably by a sortase-mediated glycine conjugation and/or a sortase-mediated lysine side chain ε-amino group conjugation, which may occurring at least on glycine (n) and/or lysine ε-amino group at internal sites of the extracellular domain of at least one endogenous, non-engineered membrane protein, preferably n being 1 or 2, as well as the use of the RBC for delivering drugs and probes.

The present disclosure provides expression vectors and bacterial sequence-free vectors, such as ministring DNA (msDNA), for producing virus-like particles (VLPs) as well as compositions and methods thereof. In some aspects, the methods include treating viral infections in subjects with the vectors, compositions, and VLPs.

The present invention provides compositions comprising cellular receptor mimics and methods for treating or preventing coronavirus infection or a disease or disorder associated with coronavirus infection such as COVID-19.

Human ACE2 variants are provided including methods of use thereof. The ACE2 receptor variants may be used for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of an artificial antibody. The preparation method includes the following steps: screening a target siRNA from a conserved gene or a microsatellite of a coronavirus, synthesizing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) that has a loop by complementary sense and antisense strands of the siRNA, synthesizing an ACE2 capable of binding to a receptor-binding domain (RBD), and synthesizing the artificial antibody including an shRNA region and an ACE2 region by ligating the ACE2 to sense and antisense strands of the shRNA separately. The bivalent ACE2 is used for neutralization of the RBD and targeted delivery of the shRNA; the shRNA is ligated to the virus through the ACE2 and enters target cells with virus infection, thereby avoiding a side effect of non-specific delivery of the shRNA to uninfected cells, as well as resisting the variant strain and neutralizing the virus with the ACE2.