Methods are disclosed for treating social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and/or panic disorder in a subject. The methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin to a corrugator supercilii and/or a procerus muscle of the subject to cause paralysis of the corrugator supercilii and/or a procerus muscle in the subject, thereby treating PTSD. The neurotoxin can be Botulinum toxin A, such as at a dose of about 20 to about 50 units of Botulinum toxin A.

Method of producing an activated clostridial neurotoxin. Composition comprising an activated clostridial neurotoxin. Method of treatment using a composition comprising an activated clostridial neurotoxin.

The present invention relates to a botulinum toxin preparation method capable of obtaining botulinum toxin in a high yield through a simplified process that does not include animal-derived ingredients. The botulinum toxin preparation method according to the present invention does not use any animal ingredients in the overall process, including the culturing of a Clostridium botulinum strain, thereby providing excellent safety, omits a separate nucleic acid removal step using an additive treatment when compared with a conventional isolation process, and performs processing using only ion exchange chromatography, and it was confirmed that the botulinum toxin can be isolated at a remarkably improved yield through a simplified process by using the same buffer and only adjusting the concentration and pH of the buffer, and thus the present invention is a very economical and efficient isolation method so that the botulinum toxin isolated thereby is expected to be effectively used in beauty and medicine fields.

Rapid, animal protein free, chromatographic processes and systems for obtaining high potency, high yield botulinum neurotoxin for research, therapeutic and cosmetic use.

Single chain polypeptide fusion protein, comprising: a non-cytotoxic protease capable of cleaving a protein of the exocytic fusion apparatus of a nociceptive sensory afferent; a galanin targeting moiety; a protease cleavage site; a translocation domain; a first spacer located between the non-cytotoxic protease and the protease cleavage site; and a second spacer located between the galanin targeting moiety and the translocation domain.

A single chain polypeptide fusion protein, comprising: a non-cytotoxic protease capable of cleaving a protein of the exocytic fusion apparatus of a nociceptive sensory afferent; a galanin targeting moiety; a protease cleavage site at which site the fusion protein is cleavable by a protease; a translocation domain capable of translocating the protease from within an endosome, across the endosomal membrane and into the cytosol of the nociceptive sensory afferent; a first spacer located between the non-cytotoxic protease and the protease cleavage site; and a second spacer located between the galanin targeting moiety and the translocation domain.

The invention provides methods for treating primary disorders of mood and affect, including depressive disorders, anxiety and sleep disorders and CNS disorders comprising the administration of a neurotoxin.

Described herein are methods for treating disorders that relate to neurons that express the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) in a subject which comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the non-cleavable conjugate comprising a molecule that is recognized and internalized by the NK-1R, and a molecule that is taken inside the cell to kill or temporarily alter the cell.

Methods and systems for delivering toxin and toxin fragments to a patient's nasal cavity provide for both release of the toxin and delivery of energy which selectively porates target cells to enhance uptake of the toxin. The use of energy-mediated delivery is particularly advantageous with light chain fragment toxins which lack cell binding capacity.

The present invention relates to the pharmaceutical field. Specifically, it contemplates a polynucleotide encoding a neurotoxin polypeptide exhibiting a reduced duration of the biological effect in a subject, wherein said polypeptide comprises at least one E3 ligase recognition motif in the light chain, wherein said E3 ligase recognition motif is preferably a binding motif for the E3 ligase MDM2. The invention further pertains to polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotide of the invention as well as polypeptides comprising one or more amino acid substitutions. Further encompassed by the present invention are vectors and host cells comprising the said polynucleotide, polypeptides encoded thereby and antibodies specifically binding to the polypeptides. Moreover, the invention relates to medicaments comprising said polynucleotides and polypeptides, as well as specific therapeutic applications thereof. Furthermore, the present invention contemplates methods for the manufacture of the polypeptides and medicaments.