Provided are anti-PAD4 antibodies having excellent properties and an excellent method for treatment of RA. Used are anti-PAD4 antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope containing positions 345, 347, and 348 of PAD4. These anti-PAD4 antibodies may inhibit the citrullination activity of PAD4. In addition, these anti-PAD4 antibodies may have a KD (M) of 9.010.sup.9 or less. Optionally, the anti-PAD4 antibody and a TNF inhibitor are used in combination.

Provided is a novel composition or method for inhibiting fibrosis. This composition for inhibiting fibrosis comprises an antibody that specifically binds to PAD2 and is used. In addition, a pharmaceutical composition for treating fibrotic disease comprises an antibody that specifically binds to PAD2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and may be used. Further, a kit for inhibiting fibrosis comprises an antibody that specifically binds to PAD2 and may be used.

A method for measuring anti-PAD2 antibodies in a subject with an inflammatory or autoimmune disease, and to determine if the subject has a better prognosis for developing a more severe form of inflammation based on anti-PAD2 antibody levels. Methods for the therapeutic use of anti-PAD2 antibodies are also described.

Provided are anti-PAD4 antibodies having excellent properties and an excellent method for treatment of RA. Used are anti-PAD4 antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope containing positions 345, 347, and 348 of PAD4. These anti-PAD4 antibodies may inhibit the citrullination activity of PAD4. In addition, these anti-PAD4 antibodies may have a KD (M) of 9.010.sup.9 or less. Optionally, the anti-PAD4 antibody and a TNF inhibitor are used in combination.

To obtain an anti-PAD2 antibody having excellent PAD2 inhibitory activity. Provided is an anti-PAD2 antibody that specifically binds to positions 341 to 357 of PAD2. Also provided is an anti-PAD2 antibody that specifically binds to a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.

An antigen and antibodies prepared based on peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI4) serving as a tumor marker, and application thereof are disclosed. The antigen has an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 1. Specific antibodies prepared by using the antigen are also disclosed. The protein PADI4 monoclonal antibodies include a protein PADI4 monoclonal antibody coated onto an ELISA plate and a biotin-labeled protein PADI4 monoclonal antibody. A kit prepared by using the antibodies of the present disclosure can effectively and stably determine a protein PADI4 level of a human serum, and has a broad spectrum, detectability, and high test repeatability.

Provided are anti-PAD4 antibodies having excellent properties and an excellent method for treatment of RA. Used are anti-PAD4 antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope containing positions 345, 347, and 348 of PAD4. These anti-PAD4 antibodies may inhibit the citrullination activity of PAD4. In addition, these anti-PAD4 antibodies may have a KD (M) of 9.010.sup.9 or less. Optionally, the anti-PAD4 antibody and a TNF inhibitor are used in combination.