Methods and compounds for conferring site-specific or local immune privilege, such as to the skin.

The present invention discloses a novel therapeutic axis NTPDase8 enzyme, P2Y.sub.6 and/or P2Y.sub.2 receptors, and provides methods, enzymes and/or antagonists for remedying inflammatory bowel diseases.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In particular, compositions and methods are provided that address purinergic dysregulation, the causes thereof, and/or the effect of downstream targets.

The present disclosure is directed to a modified plant cell, plant tissue, plantlet, plant part, plant, and progeny thereof containing a combination of apyrase genes, including at least one modified gene and/or at least one additional apyrase gene. The disclosure is also directed to a method of making a modified plant with a modified apyrase gene and/or an additional apyrase gene. The modified plant generally exhibits at least one improved characteristic over the plant line from which it was derived. The disclosure also relates to a recombinant DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an apyrase enzyme as disclosed.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for uncoupling the yield and productivity of an isoprenoid compound produced in a host cell. In some embodiments, the yield and productivity are uncoupled by genetically modifying the host cell to reduce flux through the citric acid cycle (TCA). In other embodiments, the yield and productivity are uncoupled by reducing the levels of ATP in the host cell.

Methods for attenuating or treating, or reducing the mortality of sepsis or septic shock using an ectonucleotidase such as CD39 or CD73 are provided.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In particular, compositions and methods are provided that address purinergic dysregulation, the causes thereof, and/or the effect of downstream targets.

The invention provides a combination of a source of a CD39 and of a source of a CD73.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for treating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and for induction of diuretic effect.

Provided herein, inter alia, are methods for improving the growth of cells (such as probiotic cells or recombinant cells) by culturing the cells in a liquid media comprising one or more enzymes that hydrolyze at least one nucleoside triphosphate present in the media. Cells cultured in accordance with these methods exhibit improved growth compared to cells cultured in media that does not comprise one or more enzymes that hydrolyze at least one nucleoside triphosphate.