A nanoplatelet serves as a substrate for immobilizing enzymes involved in consecutive reactions as a cascade. This results in a significant increase in the rate of catalysis as well as final product yield compared to non-immobilized enzymes or enzymes immobilized to quantum dots.

Described herein are fusion proteins including methanol dehydrogenase (MeDH) and at least one other polypeptide such as 3-hexulose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (HPS) or 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase (PHI), such as DHAS synthase or fructose-6-Phosphate aldolase or such as DHA synthase or DHA kinase. In a localized manner, the fusion protein can promote the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde and then to a ketose phosphate such as hexulose 6-phosphate or then to DHA and G3P. When expressed in cells, the fusion proteins can promote methanol uptake and rapid conversion to the ketose phosphate or to the DHA and D3P, which in turn can be used in a pathway for the production of a desired bioproduct. Beneficially, the rapid conversion to the ketose phosphate or to the DHA and G3P can avoid the undesirable accumulation of formaldehyde in the cell. Also described are engineered cells expressing the fusion protein, optionally include one or more additional metabolic pathway transgene(s), methanol metabolic pathway genes, target product pathway genes, cell culture compositions including the cells, methods for promoting production of the target product or intermediate thereof from the cells, compositions including the target product or intermediate, and products made from the target product or intermediate.

The present invention relates to epitopes containing homocitrulline (Hcit) that can be used as targets for cancer immunotherapy. The homocitrullinated T cell epitope has (i) a predicted binding score to MHC class II or class I of <30 using the online IEDB prediction program (http://www.iedb.org/) and (ii) at least 5 consecutive amino acids that form a spiral conformational structure. These modified peptides can be used as vaccines or as targets for T cell receptor (TCR) and adoptive T cell transfer therapies.

Described is a method for the production of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) comprising the steps of: (a) enzymatically converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into dihydroxyacetone (DHA); and (b) enzymatically converting the thus produced dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P); or
comprising the steps of: (a′) enzymatically converting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) into glyceraldehyde; and (b′) enzymatically converting the thus produced glyceraldehyde together with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into fructose-1-phosphate (F1P); and (c′) enzymatically converting the thus produced fructose-1-phosphate (F1P) into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P).

The present disclosure is related to biosynthetic methods of forming monosaccharides, and systems for generating the same. A benefit of the methods and systems disclosed herein can include the sustainable production of monosaccharides in an automated process. A benefit of the methods and systems herein can be the generation of monosaccharides from renewable source materials. An additional benefit of the methods and systems herein can include the use of abundant feedstocks, such as carbon dioxide, for the efficient generation of select monosaccharides for use as nutrients and for other useful applications. Another benefit of the methods and systems disclosed herein can include reduction of excess carbon dioxide from the environment.

The present disclosure is related to electrochemical methods of forming monosaccharides, and systems for generating the same. A benefit of the methods and systems disclosed herein can include the sustainable production of monosaccharides in an automated process. A benefit of the methods and systems herein can be the generation of monosaccharides from renewable source materials. An additional benefit of the methods and systems herein can include the use of abundant feedstocks, such as carbon dioxide, for the efficient generation of select monosaccharides for use as nutrients and for other useful applications. Another benefit of the methods and systems disclosed herein can include reduction of excess carbon dioxide from the environment.

Provided is an engineered pathway that can function in a cell-free system, cellular system or a combination thereof to convert a sugar to a chemical or biofuel.

A method of improving photosynthetic ability of an alga, containing enhancing expression of a transketolase and a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase.

The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism which exhibits i) a conversion activity from D-ribulose-5-phosphate into D-arabinose-5-phosphate, increased in comparison with the same, non-modified microorganism; ii) a cleavage catalysis activity from D-arabinose-5-phosphate into D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and glycolaldehyde, increased in comparison with the same, non-modified microorganism; iii) an oxidation activity from glycolaldehyde into glycolate, increased in comparison with the same, non-modified microorganism; and iv) an oxidation activity from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, decreased in comparison with the same, non-modified microorganism. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing glycolic acid from pentoses and/or hexoses, using such a recombinant microorganism. The present invention also relates to a process for producing glycolic acid involving a biomass production phase and a bioconversion phase from hexoses and/or pentoses into glycolic acid.

The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and one or more three-carbon compounds such as acetone, isopropanol or propene. The MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds described herein are useful as starting material for production of other compounds or as end products for industrial and household use. The application further relates to recombinant microorganisms co-expressing a C2 branch pathway and a C3 branch pathway for the production of MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds. Also provided are methods of producing MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or optionally the products MEG and one or more three-carbon compounds.