The present invention provides biochemical pathways, glyoxylate producing recombinant microorganisms, and methods for the production and yield improvement of glycolic acid and/or glycine via a reverse glyoxylate shunt. The reverse glyoxylate shunt comprises an enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to oxaloacetate (OAA), or an enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate (OAA) or an enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to malate or a combination of any of the previous reactions; an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of malate to malyl-CoA; an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of malyl-CoA to glyoxylate and acetyl-CoA; and optionally an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to malate. Glyoxylate is reduced to produce glycolate. Alternatively, glyoxylate is converted to glycine. The reverse glyoxylate shunt pathway of the present invention can be utilized synergistically with other glycolic acid and/or glycine producing pathways to increase product yield.

The present invention provides a mutant algal microorganism that has a mutation that causes attenuated expression of TrifuncB and/or TrifuncA and as a result produces more lipids than a control algal microorganism. The mutant algal microorganism can further include a mutation in a gene encoding a peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway protein, such as an ACO1 or PXA1 gene, or a glyoxylate pathway protein, such as an ICL1 gene, that results in attenuated expression and further increased lipid production. Furthermore, provided herein are methods of producing lipids using the mutant algal microorganisms and methods of making the mutant microorganisms.

The present invention discloses a bacterium and an obtaining method and application thereof. The bacterium has a property of coproducing 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid. Further, the bacterium is Klebsiella oxytoca, including Klebsiella oxytoca PDL-5 CCTCC M 2016185. The obtaining method of the bacterium may be to obtain the bacterium by directly screening wild bacteria that satisfy conditions from the environment or performing gene engineering modification to wild bacteria. The present invention has the advantages that the bacteria can coproduce 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid through fermentation, the molar conversion rate and the concentration of the two products are very high, the types of byproducts are few, the concentration is low, the product extraction process is simplified, the high-efficiency biological production of 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid can be realized, and the industrial application prospect is very great.

The disclosure provides genetically engineered microorganisms and methods for improved biological production of ethylene glycol and precursors of ethylene glycol. The microorganism of the disclosure produces ethylene glycol or a precursor of ethylene glycol through one or more of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, oxaloacetate, citrate, malate, and glycine. The disclosure further provides compositions comprising ethylene glycol or polymers of ethylene glycol such as polyethylene terephthalate.

The present invention discloses a bacterium and an obtaining method and application thereof. The bacterium has a property of coproducing 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid. Further, the bacterium is Klebsiella oxytoca, including Klebsiella oxytoca PDL-5 CCTCC M 2016185. The obtaining method of the bacterium may be to obtain the bacterium by directly screening wild bacteria that satisfy conditions from the environment or performing gene engineering modification to wild bacteria. The present invention has the advantages that the bacteria can coproduce 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid through fermentation, the molar conversion rate and the concentration of the two products are very high, the types of byproducts are few, the concentration is low, the product extraction process is simplified, the high-efficiency biological production of 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid can be realized, and the industrial application prospect is very great.

The invention provides genetically engineered microorganisms and methods for the biological production of ethylene glycol and precursors of ethylene glycol. In particular, the microorganism of the invention produces ethylene glycol or a precursor of ethylene glycol through one or more of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, oxaloacetate, citrate, malate, and glycine. The invention further provides compositions comprising ethylene glycol or polymers of ethylene glycol such as polyethylene terephthalate.

The present invention is in the technical field of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. More particularly, the present invention is in the technical field of metabolically engineered cells and use of said cell in a cultivation, preferably a fermentation. The present invention describes a cell for the production of a compound. The cell comprises a pathway for the production of the compound, which can be a disaccharide, oligosaccharide and/or a Neu(n)Ac-containing bioproduct, wherein (n) is 4, 5, 7, 8 or 9 or a combination thereof. The cell is metabolically engineered for enhanced synthesis of acetyl-Coenzyme A. The invention also resides in a method of producing such compound by cultivation, preferably a fermentation, with such a cell.

Some aspects provide engineered microbes for glycolate production. Methods for microbe engineering and culturing are also provided herein. Such engineered microbes exhibit greatly enhanced capabilities for glycolate production.

The present invention relates to a novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle synthesizing a carbohydrate product from carbon dioxide in vitro. In addition, the present invention relates to a unit or a composition carrying out carbon dioxide fixation in cyclic manner. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method to fix carbon dioxide or a method to produce glyoxylate from the carbon dioxide fixation cycle. The present carbon dioxide fixation cycle is not found in natural world, and we found that, when the novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle is used, only three ATP molecules are consumed to fix one carbon dioxide molecule, and thus novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle has an energy conversion efficiency approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the Calvin cycle.

The present invention discloses a bacterium and an obtaining method and application thereof. The bacterium has a property of coproducing 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid. Further, the bacterium is Klebsiella oxytoca, including Klebsiella oxytoca PDL-5 CCTCC M 2016185. The obtaining method of the bacterium may be to obtain the bacterium by directly screening wild bacteria that satisfy conditions from the environment or performing gene engineering modification to wild bacteria. The present invention has the advantages that the bacteria can coproduce 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid through fermentation, the molar conversion rate and the concentration of the two products are very high, the types of byproducts are few, the concentration is low, the product extraction process is simplified, the high-efficiency biological production of 1,3-propanediol and D-lactic acid can be realized, and the industrial application prospect is very great.