Methods and materials related to producing glyceric acid and downstream products are disclosed. Specifically, isolated nucleic acids. polypeptides, host cells, methods and materials for producing glycolic acid by direct fermentation from sugars are disclosed.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a probiotic extract, wherein the extract comprises a protein fraction derived from a secretion or lysate and having proteins of a molecular weight of up to 100 kDa. The composition may have a number of uses, such as for use in the prevention, management or treatment of bacterial infection or the enhancement and improvement of skin health.

The disclosure features compositions and methods for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy, particularly forms of the disease that are associated with mutations in otoferlin (OTOF), by way of OTOF gene therapy. The disclosure provides a variety of compositions that include a first nucleic acid vector that contains a polynucleotide encoding an N-terminal portion of an OTOF protein and a second nucleic acid vector that contains a polynucleotide encoding a C-terminal portion of an OTOF protein. These vectors can be used to increase the expression of OTOF in a subject, such as a human subject suffering from sensorineural hearing loss.

Provided herein are plants, plant parts, a population of plants or plant parts, and plant products (e.g., seed compositions, protein compositions, feed, food, and beverage products) comprising reduced enolase activity, and compositions and methods of producing such plants and plant parts. The plants, plant parts, population of plants or plant parts, or plant products can have a genetic mutation that reduces the enolase activity, which can be located at least partially in an enolase gene or its homolog or in its regulatory region, and can have increased protein content and/or altered seed composition.