The present invention provides engineered phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) polypeptides and compositions thereof, as well as polynucleotides encoding the engineered phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) polypeptides.

The present invention relates to a compound of general formula (I)

##STR00001##

or an enantiomer, diastereomer, stereoisomer, which mediates resistance against leaf- and planthopper pests. The present invention further relates to a method of producing the compound, an enzymatic production method the compound using at least a BBL2 polypeptide, as well as a PPO, AT1, ODC, HPL, PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT and/or C3H activity. Further envisaged are genetically modified organisms producing the compound, expression cassettes for heterologous expression of the activities, the use of corresponding polypeptides and polynucleotides for the production of the compound, a composition including the compound, as well as uses of the compound for plant protection.

Genetically programmed microorganisms, such as bacteria, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of modulating and treating a disease and/or disorder are disclosed.

Compositions comprising synthetic membrane-receiver complexes, methods of generating synthetic membrane-receiver complexes, and methods of treating or preventing diseases, disorders or conditions therewith.

The present invention provides compositions and methods of treating hyperphenylalaninemia (e.g., phenylketonuria) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) polypeptide. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising PheDH for lowering the phenylalanine concentration in the subject (e.g., in the intestines and/or blood).

The present invention provides engineered phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) polypeptides and compositions thereof, as well as polynucleotides encoding the engineered phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) polypeptides.

The present disclosure generally relates to technologies for the degradation a systemic toxin in vivo by enhancing the metabolic functionality of the lungs. Such technologies comprise introducing, to pulmonary tissue of a subject, a composition comprising at least one enzyme known to enzymatically break down at least one toxin present systemically in the subject. The provided technologies enable the lung to behave as a tunable metabolic organ, facilitating the removal of toxins from the systemic circulation of a subject, such as a subject having a condition resulting in the toxic accumulation or an endogenous metabolite, and a subject who has consumed a toxic substance.

Provided is a method for synthesizing a flavonoid compound. The method comprises providing a recombinant prokaryotic cell, wherein, in the prokaryotic cell, the transmembrane protein rhodanese Ygap of Escherichia coli is up-regulated or a target gene or target gene combination selected from the following groups is down-regulated: pyrB, accC, accB, purC, glyA, tktA, fabB, leuD, leuC, glpC, folK and leuA. Also provided are a prokaryotic cell for synthesizing a flavonoid compound and the use thereof, and the use of a kit and a regulation and control reagent. The present disclosure achieves significant improvement in the yield of the flavonoid compound.

Genetically engineered bacteria, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of modulating and treating diseases associated with hyperphenylalaninemia are disclosed.

A process for producing styrene converts Z-phenylalanine using a first biocatalyst comprising a PAL enzyme (pheny-lalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodorotula glutinis EC 4.3.1.24) and a second biocatalyst comprising a Fdc1 enzyme (ferulic acid de-carboxylase from Aspergillus niger EC 4.1.1.102). The first and second biocatalysts are provided as whole-cell pellets or derivatives thereof. Styrene is produced by converting the L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid with the first biocatalyst and converting the trans-cinnamic acid to styrene with the second biocatalyst.