Described herein are engineered metabolic pathways in recombinant microorganism host cells which result in the production of 2-phenylethanol or 2-phenylacetic acid. Also described herein are methods of using the recombinant microorganisms for the production of 2-phenylethanol or 2-phenylacetic acid.

Disclosed are methods, systems, components, and compositions for engineering enzymes. Particularly disclosed are methods, systems, components, and compositions for engineering phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzymes and isolating variant PAL enzymes with enhanced enzymatic properties. The variant PAL enzymes disclosed herein or obtained by the methods disclosed herein may be utilized for treating diseases or disorders characterized by elevated blood levels of phenylalanine, such as phenylketonuria (PKU).

The present invention provides an engineered cell, such as a T-cell, which expresses a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or an engineered T-cell receptor (TCR) and one or more enzymes which, when secreted or expressed at the cell surface causes depletion of a molecule extracellular to the engineered cell; wherein said molecule is selected from: an amino acid; a nucleotide or nucleoside; or a lipid.

The present invention provides engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) polypeptides and compositions thereof, as well as polynucleotides encoding the engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) polypeptides. Methods for producing PAL enzymes are also provided. In some embodiments, the engineered PAL polypeptides are optimized to provide enhanced catalytic activities that are useful under industrial process conditions for the production of pharmaceutical compounds.

The present invention provides compositions for the treatment of phenylketonuria in mammals, as well as methods of preparing said compositions. The present invention also provides methods of treating phenylketonuria using the compositions of the invention.

The present disclosure discloses a recombinant microbe producing podophyllotoxin, or its derivatives, comprising genes encoding phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylate (C4H), 4-coumaroyl CoA-ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), p-coumaroyl quinate 3′-hydroxylase (C3H), caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), bifunctional pineresionl-lariciresinol reductase (DIRPLR), secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase CYP719, O-methyltransferase (OMT), cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase CYP71, and 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD). Also disclosed herein is a method for producing podophyllotoxin or its derivatives. Moreover, a method of treating cancer is also disclosed.

Multi-enzyme systems attached to nanoparticles are effective to efficiently and controllably incorporate stable isotopes (such as deuterium) during the synthesis of small molecules. In one example, deuterium is incorporated into (+)-dihydrocarvide using a cascade involving the enzymes (a) pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR) and (b) flavin-dependent cyclohexanone monooxygenase triple variant F249A/F280A/F435A (CHMO.sub.3M).

The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism which is modified to be capable of producing diosmin and hesperidin and to the use thereof for producing diosmin and/or hesperidin.

The present invention provides engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) polypeptides and compositions thereof, as well as polynucleotides encoding the engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) polypeptides. Methods for producing PAL enzymes are also provided. In some embodiments, the engineered PAL polypeptides are optimized to provide enhanced catalytic activities that are useful under industrial process conditions for the production of pharmaceutical compounds.

Provided is a novel method for producing 4-aminocinnamic acid from 4-nitrophenylalanine. This method comprises: converting 4-nitrophenylalanine into 4-nitrocinnamic acid; and converting 4-nitrocinnamic acid into 4-aminocinnamic acid.