A microorganism of the genus Gluconacetobacter has enhanced cellulose productivity due to overexpression of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and optionally, phosphoglucomutase, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, or cellulose synthase. A method of producing cellulose and a method of producing the microorganism are provided.

Provided herein, in some embodiments, are systems, methods, and compositions (e.g., cells and cell lysates) for enzymatically converting a polymeric glucose carbohydrate (e.g., starch) to sugar.