There is provided a carburized bearing that is excellent in rolling contact fatigue life with a change in structure under a hydrogen-generating environment. In the carburized bearing, a chemical composition of a core portion consists of, in mass %, C: 0.25 to 0.45%, Si: 0.10 to 0.50 %, Mn: 0.40 to 0.70 %, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.80 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.30%, V: 0.24 to 0.40%. Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.0300% or less, O: 0.0015% or less, and the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfies Formula (1) to Formula (4) described in the present specification. A proportion of a total area of CaO—CaS—MgO—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 composite oxides with respect to a total area of oxides in the carburized leaping is 30.0% or more, and a number density of oxides having an equivalent circle diameter of 20.0 μm or more is 15.0 pieces/mm.sup.2or less.

Proposed is a method for removing phosphorus from a phosphorus-containing substance which is applicable in an industrial scale so as to effectively reduce phosphorus contained in the phosphorus-containing substance. In this method, the phosphorus-containing substance used as a raw material for metal smelting or metal refining is reacted with a nitrogen-containing gas at a treatment temperature T (° C.) which is lower than a melting temperature (T.sub.m) of the substance, so that phosphorus is removed preferably in the form of phosphorus nitride (PN). In this regard, a nitrogen partial pressure and an oxygen partial pressure in the nitrogen-containing gas are preferably controlled, thereby reducing a load of dephosphorization process, for example.

A method of making steel by deeply dephosphorization in a hot metal tank and decarburization using semi-steel with nearly zero phosphorus load in a converter includes the following steps: putting an efficient dephosphorization agent into the hot metal tank in advance, and conducting dephosphorization during blast furnace tapping and transportation of blast furnace hot metal by the hot metal tank to obtain semi-steel with [P] less than 0.04 wt. % and [C] greater than or equal to 3.5 wt. %; and removing dephosphorization slag, and pouring the semi-steel into the converter for decarburization to obtain molten steel. The efficient dephosphorization agent includes iron oxide scale, lime, and composite calcium ferrite. According to the method, a phosphorus content of the blast furnace hot metal is reduced to be less than or equal to 0.04 wt. % through the efficient dephosphorization agent.

Disclosed is a method for controlling a Ti concentration in a steel when manufacturing a silicon-deoxidized steel comprising 0.1 to 3% by mass of Si and 0.0001 to 0.005% by mass of Al by ladle refining of a molten steel, the method including the step of: adding an oxide including TiO.sub.2 to a slag in a ladle during the ladle refining, wherein the slag produced at end of the ladle refining satisfies formulas (1) to (7) below:

0.5≦CaO/SiO.sub.2≦1.8  (1)

4% by mass≦Al.sub.2O.sub.3≦20% by mass  (2)

MgO≦15% by mass  (3)

1.5% by mass≦TiO.sub.2≦10% by mass  (4)

CaO+SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+MgO+TiO.sub.2≧90% by mass  (5)

0.4≦TiO.sub.2/MnO≦5  (6)

1≦TiO.sub.2/T.Fe≦10  (7)

where a compound represented by a chemical formula represents the content of the compound in percent by mass; and T.Fe represents the total concentration, in mass ratio, of Fe contained in Fe oxides in the slag.

A method of manufacture to provide an efficient and economical steel deoxidizer aluminum matrix composite material that is near fully dense, free of brittle intermetallic compounds and allows for deep penetration of aluminum into molten steel thus cutting unnecessary losses of this valuable metal to parasitic oxidation reactions with slag and atmosphere.

A method of manufacture to provide an efficient and economical steel deoxidizer aluminum matrix composite material that is near fully dense, free of brittle intermetallic compounds and allows for deep penetration of aluminum into molten steel thus cutting unnecessary losses of this valuable metal to parasitic oxidation reactions with slag and atmosphere.

The present invention lies in the field of pyrometallurgy and discloses a process and a slag suitable for the recovery of Ni and Co from Li-ion batteries or their waste. The slag composition is defined according to:

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This composition is particularly adapted to limit or avoid the corrosion of furnaces lined with magnesia-bearing refractory bricks.

Provided is a mold flux used for casing a cast slab, the mold flux including, bases on a total wt % of thereof, 32-38 wt % of aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), 8-12 wt % of strontium oxide (SrO), 8-12 wt % of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O), 8-12 wt % of fluorine (F), 5-8 wt % of boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3), 3-5 wt % of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), and inevitable impurities. Thus, according to the mold flux, a change in components due to silicon oxide (SiO.sub.2) and calcium oxide (CaO) may be suppressed or prevented compared to those in the conventional art.

Provided is a dephosphorizing flux configured to adjust a phosphorous component contained in molten steel, the dephosphorizing flux includes a main material including BaCO.sub.3 and a supplementary material, wherein the supplementary material includes a first material containing either of NaHCO.sub.3 or Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and a second material containing CaF.sub.2. Thus, in accordance with a dephosphorizing flux and a method for preparing the same of the present disclosure, the plugging of a lower blowing nozzle that blows a carrier gas during dephosphorization may be prevented while improving a dephosphorization ratio. In addition, since environment polluting substances are not used as in conventional arts, environment pollution risk may be reduced, and the cost burden due to the facility for pollution prevention and harmful substance management may be alleviated.

Provided is a dephosphorizing flux configured to adjust a phosphorous component contained in molten steel, the dephosphorizing flux includes a main material including BaCO.sub.3 and a supplementary material, wherein the supplementary material includes a first material containing either of NaHCO.sub.3 or Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and a second material containing CaF.sub.2. Thus, in accordance with a dephosphorizing flux and a method for preparing the same of the present disclosure, the plugging of a lower blowing nozzle that blows a carrier gas during dephosphorization may be prevented while improving a dephosphorization ratio. In addition, since environment polluting substances are not used as in conventional arts, environment pollution risk may be reduced, and the cost burden due to the facility for pollution prevention and harmful substance management may be alleviated.