A suspension roasting system includes a feeding bin, a Venturi dryer, a first cyclone preheater, a second cyclone preheater, a pre-oxidation suspension roasting furnace, a thermal separation cyclone cylinder, a suspension and reduction roasting furnace, a collecting bin, a grinding machine, a magnetic ore separator and a draught fan. A suspension roasting method includes: crushing iron and manganese ores; conveying the ores to the Venturi dryer; starting the draught fan and enabling combustion gas in the Venturi dryer to be mixed with dust ores to remove water; enabling obtained solid materials to enter the pre-oxidation suspension roasting furnace after being preheated by the first and second cyclone preheaters; enabling obtained gas to enter the suspension and reduction roasting furnace through the thermal separation cyclone cylinder; performing suspension and reduction roasting; enabling obtained reducing slag powder to enter the collecting bin through cooling cyclone cylinders; and performing grinding and magnetic separation.

A suspension roasting system includes a feeding bin, a Venturi dryer, a first cyclone preheater, a second cyclone preheater, a pre-oxidation suspension roasting furnace, a thermal separation cyclone cylinder, a suspension and reduction roasting furnace, a collecting bin, a grinding machine, a magnetic ore separator and a draught fan. A suspension roasting method includes: crushing iron and manganese ores; conveying the ores to the Venturi dryer; starting the draught fan and enabling combustion gas in the Venturi dryer to be mixed with dust ores to remove water; enabling obtained solid materials to enter the pre-oxidation suspension roasting furnace after being preheated by the first and second cyclone preheaters; enabling obtained gas to enter the suspension and reduction roasting furnace through the thermal separation cyclone cylinder; performing suspension and reduction roasting; enabling obtained reducing slag powder to enter the collecting bin through cooling cyclone cylinders; and performing grinding and magnetic separation.

A suspension roasting system includes a feeding bin, a Venturi dryer, a first cyclone preheater, a second cyclone preheater, a pre-oxidation suspension roasting furnace, a thermal separation cyclone cylinder, a suspension and reduction roasting furnace, a collecting bin, a grinding machine, a magnetic ore separator and a draught fan. A suspension roasting method includes: crushing iron and manganese ores; conveying the ores to the Venturi dryer; starting the draught fan and enabling combustion gas in the Venturi dryer to be mixed with dust ores to remove water; enabling obtained solid materials to enter the pre-oxidation suspension roasting furnace after being preheated by the first and second cyclone preheaters; enabling obtained gas to enter the suspension and reduction roasting furnace through the thermal separation cyclone cylinder; performing suspension and reduction roasting; enabling obtained reducing slag powder to enter the collecting bin through cooling cyclone cylinders; and performing grinding and magnetic separation.

A geothermally powered zinc production subsystem includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A hopper receives a sphalerite ore that is crushed and provided to a flotation tank. The flotation tank is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system, and a product of the flotation tank is used to prepare zinc.

A geothermally powered zinc production subsystem includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A hopper receives a sphalerite ore that is crushed and provided to a flotation tank. The flotation tank is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system, and a product of the flotation tank is used to prepare zinc.

A reactor comprises an outer sidewall and a bottom wall enclosing a hollow chamber comprising a lower fluidized bed zone and an upper freeboard zone. A plurality of inlets is provided for injecting at least one fluidizing medium into the fluidized bed zone and creating a swirling flow. At least one feed inlet communicates with the fluidized bed zone; and at least one product outlet is provided for removing a product from the chamber, the outlet(s) communicating with either the fluidized bed zone or the freeboard zone. The reactor has at least one internal barrier located inside the hollow chamber, and at least partly located in the fluidized bed zone. The internal barrier(s) have at least one opening within the fluidized bed zone, such as an underflow opening, to permit internal recirculation of material from the product zone to the feed zone, thereby simplifying reactor structure.

A reactor comprises an outer sidewall and a bottom wall enclosing a hollow chamber comprising a lower fluidized bed zone and an upper freeboard zone. A plurality of inlets is provided for injecting at least one fluidizing medium into the fluidized bed zone and creating a swirling flow. At least one feed inlet communicates with the fluidized bed zone; and at least one product outlet is provided for removing a product from the chamber, the outlet(s) communicating with either the fluidized bed zone or the freeboard zone. The reactor has at least one internal barrier located inside the hollow chamber, and at least partly located in the fluidized bed zone. The internal barrier(s) have at least one opening within the fluidized bed zone, such as an underflow opening, to permit internal recirculation of material from the product zone to the feed zone, thereby simplifying reactor structure.

Extraction of elements and/or compounds from iron-containing materials, such as iron-containing tailings, and related systems and products are generally described. The systems and methods described herein can provide, in accordance with certain embodiments, the ability to efficiently process iron-containing (e.g., iron-rich) tailings even in the presence of aluminosilicates and/or other impurities. In addition, in accordance with some embodiments, the systems and methods described herein can provide the ability to efficiently extract different minerals and/or other compounds (e.g., metal(s), salt(s), etc.) from complex tailings structures. Furthermore, reactors and methods for recovery of a reaction product with a relatively high magnetic susceptibility are generally described. Certain reactors are configured such that, during operation, the reaction products are selectively transported to the magnetic field source, relative to the reactants.

Disclosed are approaches for recycling LIBs where lithium is recovered before the other node metals in order to increase the amount of lithium recovered. For such approaches, the other node metals need not be further refined or recovered and, despite the small loss of these other node metals as impurities in the first-recovered lithium, the available alternative dispositions for these other node metalssuch as in the form of multi-metal-oxides (MMO)can render the recovery of lithium before the other node metals to be advantageous. Several such approaches may feature nitration, roasting, lithium trapping, and/or other innovative features to facilitate greater and purer recoveries of the target LIB components.

Disclosed are approaches for recycling LIBs where lithium is recovered before the other node metals in order to increase the amount of lithium recovered. For such approaches, the other node metals need not be further refined or recovered and, despite the small loss of these other node metals as impurities in the first-recovered lithium, the available alternative dispositions for these other node metalssuch as in the form of multi-metal-oxides (MMO)can render the recovery of lithium before the other node metals to be advantageous. Several such approaches may feature nitration, roasting, lithium trapping, and/or other innovative features to facilitate greater and purer recoveries of the target LIB components.