This invention relates to magnetite-based sintered iron ore wherein a magnetite ore powder, which is not currently utilized owing to its low reducibility index among iron ore materials serving as a main material in iron-making processes, is improved so as to have a high reducibility index, and to a method of manufacturing the same.

This invention relates to magnetite-based sintered iron ore wherein a magnetite ore powder, which is not currently utilized owing to its low reducibility index among iron ore materials serving as a main material in iron-making processes, is improved so as to have a high reducibility index, and to a method of manufacturing the same.

A raw material for direct reduction which is reduced in a shaft furnace includes a raw material, and a coating layer which coats the raw material and has a porosity of 20 volume % or more.

A raw material for direct reduction which is reduced in a shaft furnace includes a raw material, and a coating layer which coats the raw material and has a porosity of 20 volume % or more.

Examples herein generally relate to sinter blend compositions for use in a sintering process that do not contain coke breeze (0.0% coke breeze), or contain only very small amounts of coke breeze. In particular, these sinter blend compositions are capable of repurposing mixture of iron-making reverts, having high total and metallic iron levels that re-oxidize so as to become a replacement fuel source for the coke breeze typically used in sinter blend compositions for use in a sintering process, while still managing to produce a sinter with sufficient ISO tumble strengths.

Examples herein generally relate to sinter blend compositions for use in a sintering process that do not contain coke breeze (0.0% coke breeze), or contain only very small amounts of coke breeze. In particular, these sinter blend compositions are capable of repurposing mixture of iron-making reverts, having high total and metallic iron levels that re-oxidize so as to become a replacement fuel source for the coke breeze typically used in sinter blend compositions for use in a sintering process, while still managing to produce a sinter with sufficient ISO tumble strengths.

A method of reducing metal oxides in a plasma arc torch comprising a cathode and an anode. The method comprises collecting a set of metallic oxide ore and filtering the set of ore based on a particle size. The method further comprises preprocessing the filtered ore with the application of a heat gradient or an electric current. The preprocessed ore is mixed with a composition of reduction gases. The mixture is injected into the plasma arc torch to form a post-plasma mixture. The method further comprises collecting the post-plasma mixture and analyzing the post-plasma mixture. The method also comprises separating the post-plasma mixture into a set of slag and a set of liquid.

A method of reducing metal oxides in a plasma arc torch comprising a cathode and an anode. The method comprises collecting a set of metallic oxide ore and filtering the set of ore based on a particle size. The method further comprises preprocessing the filtered ore with the application of a heat gradient or an electric current. The preprocessed ore is mixed with a composition of reduction gases. The mixture is injected into the plasma arc torch to form a post-plasma mixture. The method further comprises collecting the post-plasma mixture and analyzing the post-plasma mixture. The method also comprises separating the post-plasma mixture into a set of slag and a set of liquid.

The present invention relates to the recovery of rare earths, scandium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and the like from ores or concentrates containing fluorine. More specifically, the ores or concentrates are pretreated by carbochlorination to convert the rare earths and other metals into their chlorides and then subjected to dilute hydrochloric acid leaching to recover the valuable rare earths and other metals from the leachate. Niobium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, and titanium can be recovered as their chlorides or oxychlorides from the gaseous products of carbochlorination, or converted into their oxides while simultaneously regenerating chlorine.

The present invention relates to the recovery of rare earths, scandium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and the like from ores or concentrates containing fluorine. More specifically, the ores or concentrates are pretreated by carbochlorination to convert the rare earths and other metals into their chlorides and then subjected to dilute hydrochloric acid leaching to recover the valuable rare earths and other metals from the leachate. Niobium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, and titanium can be recovered as their chlorides or oxychlorides from the gaseous products of carbochlorination, or converted into their oxides while simultaneously regenerating chlorine.