A system and method that uses a high-temperature condenser to collect magnesium produced by thermal reduction, electrolysis, or distillation. The condenser is a common heat exchanger design (shell/tube, plate/plate, etc.) and uses a heat transfer fluid to cool and condense magnesium gas, e.g., to 200-900 C. under vacuum or pressure conditions. Solid or liquid magnesium is collected in the condenser along with any by-products or impurities at a purity greater than 35 wt-% Mg. Magnesium is subsequently liberated from the condenser by raising the temperature of the system, lowering the pressure, or both, to induce a phase change in the metal, such as melting or distillation, for further purification to, e.g., >90 wt-% Mg.

The present disclosure is a metal extraction process that includes preparing a homogeneous admixture of metal oxide powder, reducing agent powder, and catalyst powder, pelletizing the admixture to yield a plurality of pellets, positioning the plurality of pellets in a cartridge, positioning the cartridge in a reducing chamber and heating the reducing chamber to a reducing temperature, pulling a partial vacuum in the reducing chamber, vaporizing desired metal from the plurality of pellets, condensing vaporized metal on a condensation surface positioned in a condensation chamber in pneumatic communication with the reducing chamber, cooling the condensation surface outside the condensation chamber, and removing condensed metal bodies from the condensation surface.

The present disclosure is a metal extraction process that includes preparing a homogeneous admixture of metal oxide powder, reducing agent powder, and catalyst powder, pelletizing the admixture to yield a plurality of pellets, positioning the plurality of pellets in a cartridge, positioning the cartridge in a reducing chamber and heating the reducing chamber to a reducing temperature, pulling a partial vacuum in the reducing chamber, vaporizing desired metal from the plurality of pellets, condensing vaporized metal on a condensation surface positioned in a condensation chamber in pneumatic communication with the reducing chamber, cooling the condensation surface outside the condensation chamber, and removing condensed metal bodies from the condensation surface.

A method for preparing a high-purity metal lithium by a vacuum thermal reduction method includes the following steps: obtaining Li.sub.2O.Math.(2-x)CaO by carrying a vacuum thermal decomposition process on a lithium-containing raw material in the presence of a refractory agent and a catalyst; mixing the obtained oxide with the fluxing agent, the catalyst and a reducing agent according to a certain ratio, and then briquetting; carrying out vacuum thermal reduction in a vacuum reduction furnace, and performing centrifugal sedimentation and micron ceramic dust removal on lithium vapor obtained by the thermal reduction to obtain a high-purity metal gas; and removing metal impurities from the gas by controlling a condensation temperature and a condensation speed of the gas so as to purify the lithium vapor, and obtaining a high-purity metal lithium with a rapid cooling technology.

A method for preparing a high-purity metal lithium by a vacuum thermal reduction method includes the following steps: obtaining Li.sub.2O.Math.(2-x)CaO by carrying a vacuum thermal decomposition process on a lithium-containing raw material in the presence of a refractory agent and a catalyst; mixing the obtained oxide with the fluxing agent, the catalyst and a reducing agent according to a certain ratio, and then briquetting; carrying out vacuum thermal reduction in a vacuum reduction furnace, and performing centrifugal sedimentation and micron ceramic dust removal on lithium vapor obtained by the thermal reduction to obtain a high-purity metal gas; and removing metal impurities from the gas by controlling a condensation temperature and a condensation speed of the gas so as to purify the lithium vapor, and obtaining a high-purity metal lithium with a rapid cooling technology.

This disclosure relates to a process for selective extraction and separating vanadium and iron using a method of chlorinating vanadium-containing iron oxide ores. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a process for producing vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl.sub.3) and iron trichloride (FeCl.sub.3) in a moving bed chlorinator by reacting chlorine and carbon monoxide with vanadium iron oxide materials. In addition, this disclosure describes removing other chlorides with the exemption of vanadium and iron chlorides from the exhaust stream from the reactor by creating a conversion temperature zone at the top of the reactor. Furthermore, the invention discloses removing impurities from an exhaust gas stream to purify carbon dioxide and it also includes a closed-loop capture in the process in order to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.

Methods and systems for separating a first metal and an impurity from a metal-containing feed stream are provided. The method can include applying solar energy, for example, by focusing one or more mirrors in one or more heliostats, to heat a metal-containing feed stream in a heating zone to a first temperature to produce a first vapor including the first metal. The first vapor can be condensed in a condensation zone to produce a first liquid including the first metal, and the first liquid can be collected. The system can include a separation unit include a heating zone in fluid communication with a condensation zone and a means for applying solar energy to heat a metal-containing feed stream disposed in the heating zone.

A process, for the selective heavy metal removal from iron- and/or steelmaking flue dust, including steps of: preparing a feedstock (FS) by blending or mixing a chloride precursor material (CPM) and ironmaking and/or steelmaking flue dust including heavy metals (ISFD), the heavy metals including Pb and Zn and optionally Cd; in a first reaction step in a first reactor reacting the CPM with the ISFD by thermal treatment of the FS at a temperature in a range of 700 C. to 950 C. removing at least 70 wt. % of Pb from the ISFD; in a subsequent second reaction step in a second reactor further reacting the CPM with the ISFD by thermal treatment of the feedstock FS at a temperature in a range of 850 C. to 1200 C.; and obtaining a solid material after the second reaction step. The invention also relates to a plant implementing the process.

The present disclosure is a metal extraction process that includes preparing a homogeneous admixture of metal oxide powder, reducing agent powder, and catalyst powder, pelletizing the admixture to yield a plurality of pellets, positioning the plurality of pellets in a cartridge, positioning the cartridge in a reducing chamber and heating the reducing chamber to a reducing temperature, pulling a partial vacuum in the reducing chamber, vaporizing desired metal from the plurality of pellets, condensing vaporized metal on a condensation surface positioned in a condensation chamber in pneumatic communication with the reducing chamber, cooling the condensation surface outside the condensation chamber, and removing condensed metal bodies from the condensation surface.

The present disclosure is a metal extraction process that includes preparing a homogeneous admixture of metal oxide powder, reducing agent powder, and catalyst powder, pelletizing the admixture to yield a plurality of pellets, positioning the plurality of pellets in a cartridge, positioning the cartridge in a reducing chamber and heating the reducing chamber to a reducing temperature, pulling a partial vacuum in the reducing chamber, vaporizing desired metal from the plurality of pellets, condensing vaporized metal on a condensation surface positioned in a condensation chamber in pneumatic communication with the reducing chamber, cooling the condensation surface outside the condensation chamber, and removing condensed metal bodies from the condensation surface.