A surface treatment method of metallic materials provided by the present invention includes steps of: (S1) cleaning a surface of an initial metallic material to be treated, and then drying; and (S2) placing the dried metallic material in a heating furnace, adjusting a vacuum degree inside the heating furnace to a preset value under the protection of a mixed flowing gas of oxygen and an inert gas, heating and preserving, cooling to room temperature by furnace cooling, and completing the surface treatment of the metallic material to be treated, wherein the heating temperature is larger than the destruction temperature of the native oxide at the surface of the initial metallic material. The present invention is able to increase the surface hardness of the metallic material within a large depth, and has the advantages of low processing cost, high efficiency, good controllability, convenient operation and low surface contamination for the workpiece.

The present disclosure is directed to novel high entropy alloys, including refractory high entropy alloys, and methods of selecting high entropy alloys and refractory high entropy alloys with select nuclear application predetermined properties.

This disclosure describes various configurations and components for bimetallic and trimetallic claddings for use as a wall element separating nuclear material from an external environment. The cladding materials are suitable for use as cladding for nuclear fuel elements, particularly for fuel elements that will be exposed to sodium or other coolants or environments with a propensity to react with the nuclear fuel.

A device including a near field transducer, the near field transducer including gold (Au) and at least one other secondary atom, the at least one other secondary atom selected from: boron (B), bismuth (Bi), indium (In), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), manganese (Mn), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O), and combinations thereof; erbium (Er), holmium (Ho), lutetium (Lu), praseodymium (Pr), scandium (Sc), uranium (U), zinc (Zn), and combinations thereof; and barium (Ba), chlorine (Cl), cesium (Cs), dysprosium (Dy), europium (Eu), fluorine (F), gadolinium (Gd), germanium (Ge), hydrogen (H), iodine (I), osmium (Os), phosphorus (P), rubidium (Rb), rhenium (Re), selenium (Se), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), thallium (Th), and combinations thereof.

Disclosed is an entropy-controlled solid solution matrix BCC alloy having strong resistance to high-temperature neutron radiation damage. The entropy-controlled solid solution matrix BCC alloy includes three or more multicomponent main elements selected from the element group consisting of Zr, Al, Nb, Mo, Cr, V, and Ti selected based on a neutron absorption cross-sectional area and a mixing enthalpy. Each of the elements is included in an amount of 5 to 35 at %, and the entropy-controlled solid solution matrix BCC alloy is a BCC-structure solid solution matrix alloy in a medium-entropy to high-entropy state. In this invention, damage caused by neutron radiation is reduced, and entropy is controlled to thus ensure a solid solution matrix BCC structure having a slow diffusion speed, and accordingly, resistance to void swelling due to radioactive rays is high.

A bi-continuous composite of a refractory alloy and copper, and a method for manufacturing the same, are provided. The method for manufacturing a bi-continuous composite of a refractory alloy and copper includes: providing an alloy melt swapping (AMS) precursor; providing a copper melt with a temperature in a range of 1085° C. to 3410° C.; immersing the AMS precursor into the copper melt; and removing the AMS precursor from the copper melt. The AMS precursor includes elements having positive and negative mixing enthalpy with copper, respectively. The AMS precursor into which the copper melt is diffused becomes a bi-continuous composite with a first phase formed from the copper and a second phase formed from the AMS precursor.

The present invention relates to a density-optimized and high temperature-resistant alloy based on molybdenum-sili-con-boron, wherein vanadium is added to the base alloy in order to reduce the density.

This disclosure describes various configurations and components for bimetallic and trimetallic claddings for use as a wall element separating nuclear material from an external environment. The cladding materials are suitable for use as cladding for nuclear fuel elements, particularly for fuel elements that will be exposed to sodium or other coolants or environments with a propensity to react with the nuclear fuel.

The present disclosure relates to a spin-orbit torque-based switching device and a method of fabricating the same. The spin-orbit torque-based switching device of the present disclosure includes a spin torque generating layer provided with a tungsten-vanadium alloy thin film exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) characteristics and a magnetization free layer formed on the spin torque generating layer.

A device including a near field transducer, the near field transducer including gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al), and at least two other secondary atoms, the at least two other secondary atoms selected from: boron (B), bismuth (Bi), indium (In), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), manganese (Mn), tellurium (Te), holmium (Ho), lutetium (Lu), praseodymium (Pr), scandium (Sc), uranium (U), barium (Ba), chlorine (Cl), cesium (Cs), dysprosium (Dy), europium (Eu), fluorine (F), germanium (Ge), hydrogen (H), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se), terbium (Tb), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon (C), antimony (Sb), gadolinium (Gd), samarium (Sm), thallium (Tl), cadmium (Cd), neodymium (Nd), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), erbium (Er), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), palladium (Pd), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), yttrium (Y), thorium (Th), beryllium (Be), thulium (Tm), erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), promethium (Pm), neodymium (Nd cobalt (Co), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), or combinations thereof.