A compositionally-graded structure including a body having a first major surface and a second major surface opposed from the first major surface along a thickness axis, the body including a metallic component and a ceramic component, wherein a concentration of the ceramic component in the body is a function of location within the body along the thickness axis, wherein transitions of the concentration of the ceramic component in the body are continuous such that distinct interfaces are not macroscopically established within the body, and wherein the concentration of the ceramic component is at least 95 percent by volume at at least one location within the body along the thickness axis.

Components made of a metal matrix composite and methods for the manufacture thereof. The metal matrix composite contains TiB.sub.2 particles, Al.sub.3Ti particles, and particles of an intermetallic compound of aluminum and at least one rare earth element dispersed in an aluminum matrix. Methods include casting a first melt to produce an ingot, remelting the ingot to form a second melt, forming a powder from the second melt using an atomization process, and fabricating a component utilizing the powder in an additive manufacturing process. The ingot and the powder include an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB.sub.2 particles and Al.sub.3Ti particles.

Components made of a metal matrix composite and methods for the manufacture thereof. The metal matrix composite contains TiB.sub.2 particles, Al.sub.3Ti particles, and particles of an intermetallic compound of aluminum and at least one rare earth element dispersed in an aluminum matrix. Methods include casting a first melt to produce an ingot, remelting the ingot to form a second melt, forming a powder from the second melt using an atomization process, and fabricating a component utilizing the powder in an additive manufacturing process. The ingot and the powder include an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB.sub.2 particles and Al.sub.3Ti particles.

Methods for manufacturing components that include casting a first melt to produce an ingot, remelting the ingot to form a second melt, forming a powder from the second melt using an atomization process, and fabricating a component utilizing the powder in an additive manufacturing process. The ingot and the powder include an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB.sub.2 particles and Al.sub.3Ti particles and the component is a metal matrix composite having an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB.sub.2 particles and Al.sub.3Ti particles. Optionally, the metal matrix composite may include particles of an intermetallic compound of aluminum and at least one alloying element.

Methods for manufacturing components that include casting a first melt to produce an ingot, remelting the ingot to form a second melt, forming a powder from the second melt using an atomization process, and fabricating a component utilizing the powder in an additive manufacturing process. The ingot and the powder include an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB.sub.2 particles and Al.sub.3Ti particles and the component is a metal matrix composite having an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB.sub.2 particles and Al.sub.3Ti particles. Optionally, the metal matrix composite may include particles of an intermetallic compound of aluminum and at least one alloying element.

Disclosed are non-magnetic metal alloy compositions and applications that relate to non-magnetic metal alloys with excellent wear properties for use in dynamic three-body tribological wear environments where an absence of magnetic interference is required. In one aspect, the disclosure can relate to a drilling component for use in directional drilling applications capable of withstanding service abrasion. In a second aspect, a hardbanding for protecting a drilling component for use in directional drilling can be provided. In a third aspect, a method for prolonging service life of a drilling component for use in directional drilling can be provided.

Compositions suitable for use in an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum are provided. The compositions can contain a powder blend of boron oxide, a titanium dioxide, aluminum, and titanium diboride. The powder blend can be compacted into tiles and arranged as a cathode surface. The boron oxide and the titanium dioxide in the tiles can be made to react under low temperature molten aluminum to produce titanium diboride in situ. The reaction yields a dense dimensionally stable wettable cathode substrate that can reduce the power consumption in the aluminum electrowinning process.

Disclosed is a method for preparation of an aluminum matrix composite including preparation of in-situ reaction mixed salt, preparation of a TiB.sub.2 enhanced 6061 aluminum matrix composite and ultrasonic treatment of a composite melt. The obtained composite contains TiB.sub.2 enhancing particles which are fine in size and uniform in distribution and may remarkably improve the mechanical performance indicators of a matrix alloy. In the TiB2 enhanced 6061 aluminum matrix composite according to the present disclosure, the size of the TiB.sub.2 enhancing particles is 200-500 nm and the particles are uniform in distribution in the matrix alloy.

Provided are an apparatus for manufacturing a compound powder, a method of manufacturing an iron-boron compound powder by using the apparatus, a boron alloy powder mixture, a method of manufacturing the boron alloy powder mixture, a combined powder structure, a method of manufacturing the combined powder structure, a steel pipe, and a method of manufacturing the steel pipe The method of manufacturing the boron alloy powder mixture includes: preparing a mixed powder including a boron iron alloy powder and a target powder; heat-treating the mixed powder to boronize at least a portion of the target powder and de-boronize at least a portion of the boron iron alloy powder, thereby de-boronizing the boron iron alloy powder to reduce the melting point of the boron iron alloy powder.

Disclosed herein is a high-elasticity hypereutectic aluminum alloy, including: titanium (Ti) and boron (B), wherein a composition ratio of Ti: B is 3.5 to 5:1, boron (B) is included in an amount of 0.5 to 2 wt %, and both Al.sub.3Ti and TiB.sub.2 are included as reinforcing agents.