The metal plate includes a plurality of pits located on the surface of the metal plate. The manufacturing method for a metal plate for use in manufacturing of a deposition mask includes an inspection step of determining a quality of the metal plate based on a sum of volumes of a plurality of pits located at a portion of the surface of the metal plate.

A sintered R-T-B based magnet includes a main phase formed of an R.sub.2T.sub.14B compound and a grain boundary phase at grain boundaries of the main phase. The grain boundary phase contains an R-T-M compound (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ga, Cu, Zn, Al and Si) and an R-M compound. In any cross-section of the sintered R-T-B based magnet, a sum of an area ratio of the R-T-M compound and an area ratio of the R-M compound is not lower than 1.5% and not higher than 3.5%, the area ratio of the R-T-M compound is not lower than 0.4% and not higher than 2.5%, and the area ratio of the R-M compound is not lower than 0.4% and not higher than 2.5%.

This hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, and in a case where the thickness is denoted by t, the metallographic structure at a t/4 position from the surface contains one or both of tempered martensite and lower bainite at a volume percentage of 90% or more, the tensile strength is 980 MPa or more, and the average Ni concentration on the surface is 7.0% or more.

A soft magnetic alloy having a good combination of formability and magnetic properties is disclosed. The alloy has the formula

Fe.sub.100-a-b-c-d-e-fSi.sub.aM.sub.bL.sub.cM′.sub.dM″.sub.eR.sub.f

wherein M is Cr and/or Mo; L is Co and/or Ni; M′ is one or more of Al, Mn, Cu, Ge, Ga; M″ is one or more of Ti, V, Hf, Nb, W; and R is one or more of B, Zr, Mg, P, Ce. The elements Si, M, L, M′, M″, and R have the following ranges in weight percent:

TABLE-US-00001 Si   4-7 M 0.1-7 L 0.1-10 M′ up to 7 M″ up to 7 R up to 1

The balance of the alloy is iron and usual impurities. A thin-gauge article made from the alloy and a method of making the thin-gauge article are also disclosed.

Disclosed is a steel composition including specified ranges of Ni; Mo; Co; Mo+Co+Si+Mn+Cu+W+V+Nb+Zr+Ta+Cr+C; Co+Mo; Ni+Co+Mo; and traces of Al; Ti; N; Si; Mn; C; S; P; B; H; O; Cr; Cu; W; Zr; Ca; Mg; Nb; V; and Ta in specified ranges; the remainder being iron and impurities. The inclusion population, as observed by image analysis over a polished surface measuring 650 mm.sup.2 if hot-formed or hot-rolled; and measuring 800 mm.sup.2 if cold-rolled, does not contain non-metallic inclusions of diameter>10 μm, and, in the case of a hot-rolled sheet, does not contain more than four non-metallic inclusions of diameter 5-10 μm over 100 mm.sup.2, the observation being performed by image analysis over a polished surface measuring 650 mm.sup.2.

This invention provides methods for fabricating a hard or soft magnet with tailorable magnetic and crystallographic orientations. Methods are disclosed to individually tailor three-dimensional voxels for selected crystallographic orientations and, independently, selected magnetic orientations with location specificity throughout a magnet. Some variations provide a method of making a magnet, comprising: providing a feedstock composition containing magnetic or magnetically susceptible materials; exposing the feedstock composition to an energy source for melting, thereby generating a first melt layer; solidifying the first melt layer in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic metal layer containing a plurality of individual voxels; optionally repeating to generate a plurality of solid layers; and recovering a magnet comprising the magnetic metal layer(s), wherein the externally applied magnetic field has a magnetic-field orientation that is selected to control a magnetic axis and a crystallographic texture within the magnetic metal layer(s).

A metal mask material for OLED use reduced in amount warpage due to etching, a method for manufacturing the same, and a metal mask are provided. The metal mask material and metal mask of the present invention contain, by mass %, Ni: 35.0 to 37.0% and Co: 0.00 to 0.50%, have a balance of Fe and impurities, have thicknesses of 5.00 μm or more and 50.00 μm or less, and have amounts of warpage defined as maximum values in amounts of rise of four corners of a square shaped sample of the metal mask material of 100 mm sides when etching the sample from one surface until the thickness of the sample becomes ⅖ and placing the etched sample on a surface plate of 5.0 mm or less.

An iron-based welding and forging alloy with a complex chemistry produces a dense, homogenous weld deposit that is resistant to hardness loss at elevated temperatures with less reliance on cobalt content. Such an alloy may comprise, in approximate percentages by weight: cobalt: 5-25; chromium: 7-14; tungsten: 2.5-10; molybdenum: 2-9; nickel: 1-6; carbon: 0.01-5; manganese: 0.01-3; with iron and residual elements comprising the balance. The residual elements may include one or more of the following: silicon, vanadium, phosphorus, and sulfur. The amounts of the residual elements may be up to 1% by weight. The inventive alloys may be provided in any suitable form for welding purposes, including metal-core TIG (GTAW), coated electrode (SMAW) and metal-core-wire (MCAW). The inventive alloy combinations may be fabricated as welding filler, providing resistance to high temperature softening, facilitating use in applications that previously dictated a specific cobalt-based material.

A permanent magnet formed by additively manufacturing magnetic phases and buffer phases is disclosed. The buffer phase(s) may improve performance, enhance mechanical properties and allow the magnet to better tolerate stresses such that defects such as cracking do not occur or are less likely to occur. The buffer phase may be a magnetic or non-magnetic material.

A steel having high mechanical properties, characterized in that it has the following composition by weight: 12% to 25 % Nickel; 7.4% to 20 % Cobalt; 3% to 11% Molybdenum; 0.2% to 2.21% addition elements, the remainder being iron, the structure of the material including a combination of fine grains and ultrafine grains, the so-called fine grains having a grain size of between 1.2 micrometers and 3 micrometers and the so-called ultrafine grains having a grain size of between 0.2 and 1 micrometer, the proportion of ultrafine grains being between 55 % and 65 %, and a process for manufacturing the steel.